Ultrathin free flaps for foot reconstruction: impact on ambulation, functional recovery, and patient satisfaction

Abstract

Background

Plantar reconstruction is a complex procedure due to the paucity of tissue around the foot. Tissues used for reconstruction should provide similar properties, which can be accomplished by using ultra-thin flaps. Validated functional scales may provide essential information regarding patients’ evolution.

Methods

Information concerning a series of 12 cases of plantar reconstruction using ultra-thin free flaps was gathered retrospectively by the authors. Data from preoperative functional scores in Lower Extremity Functional Scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale were obtained from clinical records; these were compared to postoperative scores assigned prospectively during follow-up. Differences were determined using Student’s t-test for paired samples. Objective measurements concerning evolution (ulceration, footwear usage, sensation), as well as patient satisfaction, were also explored.

Results

The mean follow-up duration was 16.5 (range 12 to 24) months. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores mean modified from 39.1 to 60.2, p = 0.004; the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale mean modified from 42.2 to 53.4, p = 0.012. No patient showed plantar ulceration. Protective sensation was achieved in 75% of the patients, and 10 out of 12 could use regular footwear. All patients reported satisfaction with the surgical procedure.

Conclusions

Ultra-thin flaps for foot reconstruction are related to improvement in functional scales, high rates of patient satisfaction, and use of regular footwear as well as a limited range of complications.

Keywords:

• Perforator
• tissue defect
• microvascular
• foot reconstruction
• free flap
• melanoma
• microsurgery
• perforator flap

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest related to any aspect treated in the text. There were no royalties nor economic benefits.