https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-665X
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ABSTRACT
Wild aquatic birds are the main natural host reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIV). Migratory aquatic birds can translocate AI viruses over wide geographic distances. AIV may be transmitted reciprocally at the wild bird–poultry interface, increasing viral variability and potentially driving the zoonotic potential of these viruses. A cross-sectional study on AIV and several further avian viral pathogens conducted in 396 trapped migratory aquatic birds traded at live bird markets (LBM) in northern Iran identified 11 AIV-positive cases. The 10 identified H9N2 viral sequences fell into wild bird H9 lineage Y439; in addition, an H10N3 virus of Eurasian lineage was detected. Ten samples contained low viral loads of avian coronavirus but could not be further characterized. Although traditional trading of live-trapped wild birds provides income for hunters, particularly during fall migration periods, it increases the risk of introducing new AIV strains from the natural reservoir to poultry kept at LBMs and, potentially, to traders and customers. Banning these birds from poultry trading lines would lower such risks considerably.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement and data deposition
All data established are either shown in the manuscript or are available at public databases (NCBI GenBank). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/.
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Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.
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Notes on contributors
Amir Modirihamedan
Amir Modirihamedan is a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. Amir has worked on different subjects of virology and microbiology. He worked on a bilateral project between Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut and the University of Tehran. Currently, he is working on a tick borne pathogens project at the University of Mount Allison, Canada
Shabnam Aghajantabar
Shabnam Aghajantabar is a veterinarian and PhD student of avian medicine at the University of Shiraz, Iran. She works in veterinary hospitals as a clinician and on the detection and epidemiology of influenza virus infection in animals.
Jacqueline King
Jacqueline King is a veterinary virologist and works as a post doc in the Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. She is concerned with nanopore next sequencing technology.
Annika Graaf
Annika Graaf is a veterinary virologist and works as a post doc in the Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. Her tasks concentrate on the diagnosis and epidemiology of influenza virus infection in animals.
Anne Pohlmann
Anne Pohlmann is a biologist and affiliated as a senior researcher with the Institute of Diagnostic Virology at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut where she takes responsibility for next generation sequencing tasks targeting influenza viruses and SARS coronavirus-2.
Leila Aghaiyan
Leila Aghaiyan is a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and has worked on research of virus infections of chickens. At present, she is studying cancer biology at the European University of Cyprus in Nicosia, Cyprus, and conducts molecular research on breast cancer.
Zahra Ziafati Kafi
Zahra Ziafati Kafi is a PhD student of veterinary virology and affiliated as a research assistant with the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Tehran.
Yeganeh Mahfoozi
Yeganeh Mahfoozi is a food microbiologist and works as a researcher in the University of Tehran.
Hossein Hosseini
Hossein Hosseini is a poultry disease specialist and affiliated with the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch.
Martin Beer
Martin Beer is a veterinary virologist. He is the director of the Institute of Diagnostic Virology at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut.
Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi is virologist and affiliated with the University of Tehran.
Timm Harder
Timm Harder is a veterinary virologist and affiliated with the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. He is head of the National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza.