A review of polymeric biomaterials research for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications at the Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, Mauritius

Abstract

The purpose of this review article is to showcase research in the area of polymeric nanobiomaterials and nanocarriers for drug delivery, especially on the economically fast-growing African continent where research in the field of advanced polymers and nanomedicine can play an important role in addressing crucial health issues. In biomaterials research, we have developed a new family of poly(ester-ether)s and shown that poly(methyl dioxanone) (PMeDX) can efficiently assist in fine-tuning mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Interestingly, degradation of scaffold films was proceeded by bulk erosion, whereas that of fibres took place by a surface erosion mechanism. In vitro cell culture studies conducted using human dermal fibroblasts showed that the electrospun polydioxanone/poly(methyl dioxanone) (PDX/PMeDX) nanofibrous scaffolds supported better cell attachment and proliferation compared to electrospun PDX. Our main focus has been on the engineering of various self-assembled nanomicelles based on a biodegradable poly(dioxanone-co-methyl dioxanone) core and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(vinyl pyrolidone) or polylysine or oligoagarose shell. High drug encapsulation efficiency and prolonged drug release have been demonstrated. Adjustment of the dioxanone to methyl dioxanone ratio gives a range of copolymers whose physicochemical and biological properties can be tuned to meet specific drug delivery requirements. The efficacy of these copolymers to encapsulate and release anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis drugs and anti-cancer drugs has been tested and are quite promising.

Keywords:

• amphiphilic block and graft copolymers
• drug delivery carriers
• nanobiomaterials
• nanomedicine
• nanomicelles

JEL classification:

• L60
• L65
• O30

Acknowledgements

We thank the Tertiary Education Commission, Mauritius, for PhD fellowships to Roubeena Jeetah, Nowsheen Goonoo, Anisha Veeren and Yeshma Jugdawa. We are most grateful to our international collaborators Prof. Gary L. Bowlin (University of Memphis, USA), Prof. David Kaplan (Tufts University, USA), Prof. Viness Pillay (University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa), Dr Daniel Wesner and Prof. Holger Schönherr (University of Siegen, Germany) for their assistance with analytical techniques not available at CBBR.