Transmissibility and mortality trends of COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt

ABSTRACT

Background: Since identification of the first case on Feb. 14, Egypt had implemented several control measures. This research aimed at study the time trend of the transmissibility and mortality of COVID 19 in Egypt.

Methods: Published data on daily reported cases and deaths since the start of the epidemic till week 19 were used. We estimated the basic reproductive number (R₀) during the early phase of the epidemic using the simple exponential growth method (SEG) and time dependent method (TD). Then we estimated time varying effective reproductive number (R_e) after implementation of the control measures by applying the TD method. Moreover, the trend in the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) throughout the study period was studied.

Results: With SEG method, R₀ was found to be 2.26 (2.15–2.38) and 2.58 (2.43–2.72) for infectious period of 8 and 10 days, respectively. While by the TD method, R₀ was estimated to be 2.34 (95% CrI: 2.05–2.64) and 3.01 (95% CrI: 2.64–3.40) for mean ± SD of SI equals 5.8 ± 2.6 and 7.5 ± 3.4, respectively. With TD method, R_e decreased from the initial value of R₀ to reach 1.30 (95% crI: 1.17–1.45) in week 7. After that R_e values fluctuated closely around 1. CFR reached its peak (7.7%) on April 12 then it decreased to its lowest value (3.4%) after two months before increasing slightly again to (4.1%) in the last days.

Conclusion and recommendation: The initial Basic reproductive number was high in Egypt. Effective reproductive number dropped after control measures till fluctuating around one. CFR also declined over time but slight increase in the last days was observed. After relaxation of the control measures, we recommend the instantaneous monitoring of the transmissibility and mortality in Egypt.

KEYWORDS:

• Basic reproduction number (R0)
• exponential growth
• Effective Reproductive number
• Mortality
• COVID-19

Authors’ contributions

Mohamed Masoud: conceived the study design, searched the internet database, performed statistical analysis and shared in writing the manuscript.

Gihan Gewaifel: made a critical revision and gave the final approval.

Nahla Gamaleldin: shared in writing the manuscript, gave the final editing of the manuscript, and submitted the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mohamed Masoud

Mohamed Masoud is a Associate professor of Public heath department, Faculty of Medicine at Fayoum University.

Gihan Gewaifel

Gihan Gewaifel is a Associate professor of Preventive and Social Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.

Nahla Gamaleldin

Nahla Gamaleldin is a Lecturer of Preventive and Social Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.