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ABSTRACT
Research on Arctic passages has mainly focused on navigation policies, sea ice extraction models, and navigation of Arctic sea routes. It is difficult to quantitatively address the specific problems encountered by ships sailing in the Arctic in real time through traditional manual approaches. Additionally, existing sea ice information service systems focus on data sharing and lack online calculation and analysis capabilities, making it difficult for decision-makers to derive valuable information from massive amounts of data. To improve navigation analysis through intelligent information service, we built an advanced Ship Navigation Information Service System (SNISS) using a 3D geographic information system (GIS) based on big Earth data. The SNISS includes two main features: (1) heuristic algorithms were developed to identify the optimal navigation route of the Arctic Northeast Passage (NEP) from a macroscale perspective for the past 10 years to the next 100 years, and (2) for key sea straits along the NEP, online local sea-ice images can be retrieved to provide a fully automatic sea ice data processing workflow, solving the problems of poor flexibility and low availability of real sea ice remote sensing data extraction. This work can potentially enhance the safety of shipping navigation along the NEP.
Acknowledgments
Since its implementation in 2019, the construction of the SNISS has been aided by the Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Satellite Meteorological Centre; and China Meteorological Administration. We would like to express sincere appreciation to them for their work in network platform development, data service, and system running environment. We are also grateful to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which have improved the presentation of the manuscript.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
Data are openly available in a public repository that does not issue DOIs. The sea ice concentration data from 2012 to present are openly available at https://nsidc.org/data/G10005/versions/1, and the sea ice thickness data from 2012 to present are openly available at http://psc.apl.uw.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/data/model_grid. In addition, climate projections of the sea ice conditions are openly available at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/sis-shipping-arctic?tab=overview.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Adan Wu
Adan Wu is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree from the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. His research interests include the Internet of Things, smart information services and big data analysis. He has developed several information systems, such as a web-based visualization system for a wireless sensor network in the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research project, a decision-making system for preventing and forecasting disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet permafrost engineering corridor and an information service system for the Northeast Passage in the Arctic.
Tao Che
Tao Che was born in Shanxi, China, in 1976. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Institute (CAREERI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China, in 2006. Since 2014, he has been a professor with CAREERI, CAS, which was renamed the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources in 2016. His research interests include the observations and estimation of land surface parameters in cold and arid regions from the ground and space. He has published more than 100 journal articles.
Xin Li
Xin Li received a B.Sc. degree from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, in 1992, and a Ph.D. degree from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 1998. He has been a Professor with the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China, since 1999. He is currently the Director and a Professor with the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS. His current research interests include land data assimilation, the application of remote sensing and geography information systems in hydrology and cryosphere science, and integrated watershed modelling.
Xiaowen Zhu
Xiaowen Zhu is a staff member responsible for program development at the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his M.Sc. in Cartography and Geographical Information System from College of Geography and Environmental Science at Northwest Normal University. His research interests include the spatial decision support system, frozen soil model, and development and application of Web GIS.