The science of rabies in tropical regions: From epidemiological pandemonium to prevention

Abstract

Rabies is a devastating viral disease affecting the central nervous system. The fatality rate is very high compared to other viral diseases. Inadequate vaccination, lack of awareness, cost of medications and ineffective post-prophylactic surveillance are some of the major reasons for the high prevalence of rabies in tropical regions, leading to more than 40,000 cases annually presenting a major threat to public health. The present report aims to provide an overview of the lethal effects of rabies in major regions of the tropics, such as China and its neighboring countries, India, Bangkok, Thailand, all major regions of Africa, such as Tanzania and Ethiopia, and tropical regions of South America. The review is based on rich literature sources including epidemiological and endemic surveys, sample analysis, and health and hygiene reports from various parts of the world. The epidemiology is elucidated in the present article. The review also highlights the incidence of cases and aspects of prophylaxis. A bird's-eye view of rabies and its epidemic impact will encourage researchers to act further on the disease, which will lead to better awareness and treatment options.

Keywords:

• rabies
• epidemiology
• public health
• tropical region
• prophylaxis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

SD and RG are grateful to the University of Malaya for research grant UMRG356/11HTM, providing the support to write this review article. A SERB-Young Scientist/Principal Investigator fellowship provided by the Science & Engineering Research Board, Government of India, to RKS is duly acknowledged.