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Abstract
Maintaining natural feeding rhythms with time-restricted feeding (TRF), without altering nutritional intake, prevents and reverses diet-induced obesity (DIO) and its associated metabolic disorders in mice. TRF has a direct effect on animal adiposity, causes an alteration of adipokine signaling, and diminishes white adipose tissue inflammation. Many genes involved in lipid metabolism are normally circadian, but their expression is perturbed with DIO; TRF restores their cyclical expression. One mechanism through which TRF could affect host metabolism is by altering the gut microbiome. Changes in the gut microbiome are coupled with an altered stool bile acid profile. Hence, TRF could affect lipid metabolism by altering bile acid signaling. TRF introduces many new possibilities in treating obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. However, further studies are needed to show whether these physiological findings in mice translate to humans.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Satchidananda Panda and Hiep Le for critical review of our manuscript.
Funding
AC received salary support from an American Diabetes Association Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship (7–12-MN-64). A.Z. received support from NIH T32 DK07202, P50 GM085764, KL2 TR00099, and R24 DK080506; AASLD Liver Scholar Award; and the American Gastroenterological Association Research Foundation Elsevier Pilot Research Award and Microbiome Junior Investigator Research Award.