Weather variation and temporary labor migration: a panel data analysis for select semi-arid villages in India

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between weather variation and temporary labor migration. In doing so, we investigate how labor migration is used as an adaptation strategy to weather variation for the select Indian semi-arid villages. We use crop yield deviation as a proxy variable for the weather variation at the household level. In order to investigate the objective of the study, we employ panel data of 210 households using Village Dynamic South Asia (VDSA) data set of six villages from the state of Telangana and Maharashtra for the period 2005–2014. We have used village, state and aggregate level logistic regression models to demonstrate how factors at each of these levels can influence temporary labor migration trajectories. The study finds that the score of crop yield deviation for the non-migrant households is higher as compared to migrant households, which shows that migrant households have a higher adaptive capacity to weather variation as compared to their counterpart households. Further, the empirical evidence from the logistic model shows that along with demographic and socio-economic factors, weather variation influences the temporary migration at aggregate level (full sample estimation). In addition to this, we also find that weather variation is statistically significant in determining temporary migration for entire Maharashtra at state level estimation and only one village (Kalman) at village level estimation.

KEYWORDS:

• Temporary migration
• weather variation
• demographic factors
• socio-economic factors
• India

Acknowledgement

Authors are grateful to the anonymous referees and the editor of this journal for their useful comments.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. This study satisfies all ethical responsibilities as well as standards that have been mentioned in the said criteria.

Notes

1. Individuals who left the village for at least a week during one of the three-four monthly rounds are for work proposes considered as temporary migrants, see, Badiani (2007).

2. Difference between climate and weather is based the length of the time periods. Weather refers to atmosphere condition for the short periods of time while climate indicate how the atmosphere behave relatively over a long period time defined by World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Kalandi Charan Pradhan

Kalandi Charan Pradhan is a  Ph.D Research Scholar of Economics at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay with research interests in Development Economics, Migration Issues and Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change.

K. Narayanan

K. Narayanan is a Professor of Economics at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. His research interests primarily include Development Economics, Energy Economics, Industrial Economics, International Business, Industry-Environment Linkages, and Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change.