Sex Differences in Suicide-Related Symptoms in a Large Military Sample

ABSTRACT

Little research has focused on suicide-related symptoms in female servicemembers, despite high rates of suicidal behaviors. This study examined sex differences in suicide-related risk factors in 3,374 U.S. Army Recruiters (91.9% male). Female servicemembers had a greater number of past major depressive and suicidal ideation episodes than did male servicemembers; there were no differences in suicide attempt histories or mental health visits. Female servicemembers reported significantly fewer symptoms of current suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability. No significant sex differences emerged for thwarted belongingness, insomnia, or agitation. Our findings provide evidence for sex differences in rates of suicide-related symptoms among military personnel.

KEYWORDS:

• Suicide
• suicidal ideation
• military
• sex differences
• perceived burdensomeness
• thwarted belongingness
• acquired capability

Funding

The research reported here and the preparation of this manuscript was supported, in part, by grant W81XWH-09-1-0737 awarded to Florida State University by the Department of Defense. This research was also supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH093311-04). The Department of Defense had no further role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.