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ABSTRACT
Many host- and vaccine-specific factors modulate an antibody response. Host genetic polymorphisms, in particular, modulate the immune response in multiple ways on different scales. This review article describes how information on host genetic polymorphisms and corresponding immune cascades may be used to generate personalized vaccine strategies to optimize the antibody response.
Abbreviations
| CD | = | Cluster of differentiation |
| CMV | = | Cytomegalovirus |
| GWAS | = | Genome-wide association study |
| HAI | = | Hemagglutination inhibition assay |
| HBV | = | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | = | Hepatitis C virus |
| HIV | = | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HLA | = | Human leukocyte antigen |
| IFN | = | Interferon |
| IL | = | Interleukin |
| JAK | = | Janus kinase |
| MAF | = | Minor allele frequency |
| MyD88 | = | Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 |
| NF-κB | = | Nuclear factor-κB |
| PBMC | = | Peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
| PCR | = | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PEG-IFN | = | Pegylated interferon |
| PRR | = | Pattern recognition receptor |
| RBV | = | Ribavirin; |
| RNA | = | Ribonucleic acid |
| SNP | = | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| spp | = | Species pluralis |
| STAT | = | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| Th1 | = | T helper cells type I |
| Th2 | = | T helper cells type II |
| TICAM1 | = | TIR domain containing adapter molecule 1 |
| TIR | = | Toll/interleukin-1 receptor |
| TLR | = | Toll-like receptor |
| UTR | = | Untranslated region |
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest and nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgments
We thank Jörg Stelling (ETH Zurich), Marco Kokic (University of Heidelberg), Julia Hartmann (University of Basel) and Mohammedyaseen Syedbasha (University of Basel) for critical reading of the manuscript.
Funding
A.E. was supported by a research grants from the “SNSF Ambizione Score” program (PZ00P3_154709), “Forschungsfond” University of Basel, Bangerter-Rhyner Stiftung, Stiftungsinfektionskrankheiten Basel, and “SystemsX” program (9th call). J.L. acknowledges support by an iPhD fellowship of the SystemsX.ch initiative in systems biology program (9th call).