A critical analysis of serogroup B meningococcal disease burden in Brazil (2001–2015): implications for public health decisions

ABSTRACT

The recent licensure of two different serogroup B recombinant protein meningococcal vaccines in Brazil emphasizes the importance of a better knowledge of the real burden of serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) disease to establish evidence-based vaccination policies. We performed an observational, descriptive study, from 2001 to 2015, analyzing the incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) of MenB disease in Brazil, according to age group and region. In the absence of any vaccine use targeting MenB disease, a significant decline of 90% in the overall incidence rates of MenB disease was observed (from 0.55 cases/100,000 habitants in 2001 to 0.05 in 2015), with declines found in all age groups during the study period. The highest incidence rates were consistently observed in infants and children 1–4 year of age, whereas adults ≥ 60 years experienced the highest CFR (33.9%). The proportion of cases with serogroup identified increased from 37.1% in 2001 to 51.5% in 2015. Despite an improvement in recent years, the quality of diagnosis is highly heterogeneous in the diverse regions, presenting important deficiencies that still prevent the possibility of a robust and reliable analysis of the burden of the meningococcal disease in Brazil. Based on the findings of this study and taking in account the unlikely indirect effect associated with the use of the new recombinant serogroup B protein vaccines, infants < 1 year is the age group to be prioritized when considering the implementation of routine immunization programmes with MenB vaccines.

KEYWORDS:

• Invasive meningococcal disease
• Neisseria meningitidis
• serogroup B meningococcal
• meningococcal vaccines
• epidemiology

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

M.A.P.S. and J.C.M. have received grants to support research projects and consultancy fee from GSK, Pfizer and Sanofi Pasteur; the other authors have nothing to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by an Investigator-Initiated Research award from Pfizer. The authors were responsible for the content of the manuscript and the decision to submit for publication. Pfizer had no involvement in the collection, statistical analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.