Bispecific antibodies: a novel approach for targeting prominent biomarkers

ABSTRACT

Many types of cancers are prevalent in India and worldwide. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are one of the major types of cancer therapeutics, which have included MAbs of hybridoma, chimeric, humanized, or human origin. MAbs are mostly generated currently by direct cloning from B cells. Bispecific antibodies (BAbs), as the name suggests, have two different antigen-binding domains in a single molecule and thus have dual functionality/specificity combined in a single antibody. In addition to the detection of two different antigenic molecules, the dual functionality of BAbs can be utilized to mount T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells wherein one Fv binds to the tumor-specific antigen and the another recruits T cells to the site of action. Breast cancer and prostate cancer are among the most prevalent cancers in women and men, respectively. Biomarkers such as HER2 and ER/PR are expressed in breast cancer, while overexpression of hepsin and prostate-specific membrane antigen is observed in prostate cancer. Developing BAbs against these biomarkers may be a potent therapeutic option to target breast and prostate cancer, respectively. Therefore, an efficient method using recombinant DNA technology and mammalian cell culture platform is required to generate BAbs against specific diseases as biomarkers as well as for the generation of antibody-based therapeutics.

KEYWORDS:

• Bispecific antibodies
• biomarker
• cancer
• BiTE

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Abbreviations

BAbs	=	Bispecific antibodies
MAb	=	Monoclonal antibody
IgG	=	Immunoglobulin
BiTE	=	Bispecific T-cell engager
HER2	=	Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2
ER/PR	=	Estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor
CD3	=	Cluster of differentiation 3
PSMA	=	Prostate-specific membrane antigen
Fc	=	Fragment crystallizable
Fab	=	Fragment antibody

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board [ECR/2016/001752].