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ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading globally. The scientific community is attempting to procure an effective treatment and prevention strategy for COVID-19. A rising number of vaccines for COVID-19 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Development platforms include traditional inactivated or live attenuated virus vaccines, DNA or RNA vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines, and protein or peptide subunit vaccines. There are 23 vaccines in the clinical evaluation stage and at least 140 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation. In this review, we describe research regarding basic knowledge on the virus, updates on the animal models, current landscape of vaccines in clinical evaluation and updated research results on vaccine development. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines require further investigation.
Author contribution
LFL composed the manuscript. HQS, WCZ, ZDY and LFL discussed and confirmed the contents and framework of the manuscript. XMZ and PBG retrieved the latest literature. All authors contributed to the drafting and critical review of the manuscript.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interests.