https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-3151
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ABSTRACT
Otitis media (OM) is a common disease of childhood and available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), with different compositions, could have different impact on OM reduction. This systematic literature review evaluated available data describing the efficacy, effectiveness, and impact of 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) on OM outcomes. Statistically significant reductions in all-cause and complicated OM, tympanostomy tube placement and OM-related hospitalizations were consistently observed after the introduction of PHiD-CV and PCV13. Impact studies with data in children <2 years of age using PCV13 report 47–51% and PHiD-CV 34–43% reduction of all-cause OM (primary care, outpatient, ambulatory, emergency department visits) compared to periods before PCV introduction. When the impact of both vaccines is assessed in comparable settings, some studies suggest PHiD-CV may offer better protection against some OM outcomes. Well-designed, head-to-head comparisons are needed to better understand the differences and guide vaccination policies.
Plain Language Summary
What is the context?
Pneumococcal vaccines are highly effective in preventing pneumonia and meningitis in children. The two main pneumococcal vaccines are PHiD-CV (Synflorix, GSK) and PCV13 (Prevenar 13, Pfizer). Both vaccines have been shown to provide protection against otitis media despite differing in their composition.
However, it is currently unknown if both vaccines confer similar level of protection against otitis media.
What is new?
We conducted a literature review to evaluate the effects of PHiD-CV and PCV13 on otitis media.
From 33 articles, we found that:
‡Both vaccines were effective in reducing doctor visits for otitis media as well as the number of severe cases and cases requiring hospitalization.
‡Four studies suggested a higher level of protection provided by PHiD-CV compared to PCV13, although more data is needed to confirm this finding.
What is the impact?
Available information shows that PHiD-CV and PCV13 are effective in preventing a proportion of otitis media during childhood.
Given the remaining substantial burden associated with the disease and the related significant usage of antibiotics, the development of improved vaccines with higher impact on otitis media would be welcome.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Jozica Skufca (P95) and Margarita Riera (P95) in the form of literature search, data extraction, and analyses. The authors would like to thank Modis for editorial assistance and manuscript coordination, on behalf of GSK: Writing support was provided by Joanne Wolter; editorial support and publication management was provided by Stéphanie Deroo.
Disclosure statement
P Izurieta, M Scherbakov, J Nieto Guevara, V Vetter, and L Soumahoro are employees of the GSK group of companies and declare financial (including shares) and non-financial relationships and activities.
Authors’ contribution
P Izurieta and M Scherbakov contributed to the conceptualization, the methodology and the formal analysis. L Soumahoro contributed to the conceptualization, the methodology and the data curation. All authors contributed to the data interpretation and review and editing of the manuscript.
Trademark statement
Synflorix is a trademark owned by or licensed to the GSK group of companies. Prevenar/Prevnar and Prevenar 13/Prevnar 13 are trademarks of Pfizer Inc. Pneumosil is a trademark of Serum Institute of India Private Limited.
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website at https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.2013693.