A Peculiar Cosmology from Supernovae Type 1a with Derivations of G and Modified Newtonian Dynamics Acceleration

Abstract

A revised Hubble-type relationship is derived from redshift data of supernova type 1a. Estimated H₀ is 68.24 km/sec per Mpc, very close to the value 67.80 (0.77) km/sec per Mpc published in the Planck satellite CMB studies.

A universe in a state of accelerated contraction is inferred. The maximum expanded state is estimated to have had a “virtual gravitational radius” of 185.6 Gly which occurred 171.8 Gyr ago, and the current radius is estimated at 26.53 Gly. This radius applies to all observers. A big bounce scenario appears consistent with the parabolic path of the past expansion and current contraction eras, with a full cycling period of about 371 Gyr. The end of the current contraction era is estimated to occur about 13.8 Gyr in the future.

The value of the Newtonian gravitational constant G is derived based on an acceleration parameter that is estimated along with H_o. The universal acceleration rate, in the range of 1.03e-10 to 1.16e-10 m/s², is consistent with modified Newtonian dynamics acceleration of astronomical objects, estimated at 1.2(±0.2) e-10 m/s². G is found to vary over time with the square of the gravitational radius. The derived value for G in the present is 5.860 m³kg^-1s^-2, which is about 12% less than the consensus value of 6.674 m³kg^-1s^-2. This relative error is small in the context of this analysis.