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Articles

Les médias sociaux comme champ de bataille et le problème anglophone au Cameroun

Introduction: L’arme cybernétique

 

Abstract

Anglophones have been making progress in their political agenda since October 2016, the beginning of the crisis they have been facing in the North-West and South-West regions of Cameroon. Their claim is not new. It dates back to the abolishment of the federal regime. Historically, the Southern Cameroons, their State, joined the Republic of Cameroon, that of the Francophones, in 1961 through a referendum. Many fraudulent activities in favor of the Francophones happened during that vote and the negotiations initiated for the reunification prompting denunciations of the other party. Thus, the two States reunified by agreements formed the Federal Republic of Cameroon. However, the amendment of the Constitution through a presidential decree, following another referendum in 1972 and which led to the advent of the United Republic of Cameroon, paved the way for a deliberate annexation of Southern Cameroons by Ahmadou Ahidjo, the then president from the French-speaking part. Since then, the anger of Anglophones rose to the point of becoming a secessionist movement in the 1980s. This paper argues that lack of improvement in communication infrastructure limited the Anglophone plea to Cameroon. It contends that the advent of social media has created new opportunities to reach instantly a worldwide audience, and as a result, the Anglophones’ struggle is happening both on the ground in the English-speaking regions and on social media.

RESUME

Les Anglophones font des progrès sur le plan de la communication de leur agenda politique et ceci depuis octobre 2016, date du début de la crise à laquelle ils sont confrontés dans les régions du Nord-Ouest et du Sud-Ouest du Cameroun. Leur revendication n’est pas nouvelle. Elle remonte à l'abolition du régime fédéral. Historiquement, le Southern Cameroons, leur État, a rejoint la République du Cameroun, celui des Francophones, en 1961 à la suite d’une consultation référendaire. Beaucoup de fraudes en faveur de ces derniers ont émaillé ce vote et les négociations enclenchées pour la réunification, suscitant les dénonciations de l’autre partie. Les deux États ainsi réunis par des accords ont formé la République fédérale du Cameroun. Cependant, la modification de la Constitution par décret présidentiel, à la suite d'un nouveau référendum organisé en 1972 et qui a conduit à l'avènement de la République Unie du Cameroun, a ouvert la voie à une annexion délibérée du Southern Cameroons par Ahmadou Ahidjo, le président d’alors issu de la partie francophone. Depuis lors, la colère des Anglophones est montée au point de donner naissance à un mouvement sécessionniste dans les années 1980. Ce travail soutient que le manque des infrastructures de communication appropriées a pendant longtemps circonscrit le plaidoyer anglophone au Cameroun. Il affirme que l'avènement des médias sociaux a créé de nouvelles opportunités pour atteindre instantanément le public mondial. Il postule enfin que la lutte des Anglophones se déroule à la fois dans les régions en conflit et dans les médias sociaux.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Arnaud Tcheutou

Arnaud Tcheutou is a PhD Candidate and a Graduate Teaching Assistant in the Department of French Studies at Louisiana State University. He completed a graduate minor in the program of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the same university. His research focuses on nineteenth-century French literature, French-speaking African literature, and particularly in areas including postcolonialism, identity and otherness, feminist writing, symbolism, and oral literature. His work has appeared in JALA: Journal of the African Literature Association.

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