Impairment of triad conditioned facilitation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract

Objectives: The triad conditioned facilitation (TCF) technique has been shown to detect motor cortical intrinsic rhythms depending on the functioning of specific cortical layers by measuring motor evoked potential (MEP) enhancement after a triad of conditioning TMS pulses at a certain interval. However, the influence of cortical degeneration on TCF is still undetermined. We therefore studied TCF in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by degeneration of the motor cortex.

Methods: Thirteen patients with ALS and 11 age-matched disease control patients with cervical myelopathy (CM) or radiculopathy (CR) participated in the study. We studied short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and TCF using the paired-pulse and triad conditioned TMS paradigm.

Results: TCF was significantly reduced in ALS patients compared to CM/CR patients, who had normal TCF. SICI and ICF did not differ between groups.

Conclusion: The absence of TCF with preserved SICI and ICF suggests changes in the intrinsic rhythm generation within the motor cortex due to cortical neurodegeneration in ALS patients. In contrast, TCF was normal in patents with CM/CR in whom the motor cortical intrinsic circuits are not involved.

This technique may be valuable to differentiate patients with ALS from those with CM/CR.

Keywords:

• TMS
• TCF
• triad
• ALS
• 25 ms
• 40 Hz
• piper rhythm

Acknowledgements

S. J. Groiss was supported by a research fellowship of the Kanehara foundation for the Promotion of Medical Sciences and Medical care. This work was supported in part by grants from Fukushima Medical University No. KKI 22016 (SJG), No. KKI 23038 (SJG), the Research Project Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology No. 22390181 (YU), No. 25293206 (YU), No. 15H05881 (YU), No. 16H05322 (YU), No. 21500308 (HM), the Research Committee on Degenerative Ataxia from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan; the Magnetic Health Science Foundation; the Uehara Memorial Foundation and The Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science (YU).

Declaration of interest

The authors have no conflict of interests to report.