A virtual environment for ultrasound examination learning

ABSTRACT

In this study, we propose a virtual learning environment for ultrasonography gestures based on an ultrasound (US) learning database. The learning database is comprised of US probe position and orientation, US images and force applied on the skin for each image. The intermediate images were inferred using the set of two-dimensional (2D) US images acquired at various force levels by the mean of interpolation method. A force feedback joystick with three degrees of freedom is used to monitor the applied forces. The proposed virtual environment was able to overcome the lack of immersion of the learner in the existing systems, especially, the US image deformation and force feedback feeling. In addition to the low cost, our system simulates, accurately, the US exam ensuring a good immersion to the learner with all senses involved in the US exam. An intelligent agent supervises the learner through the whole process. The virtual environment was evaluated by experts and trainees, and the results are presented and discussed.

KEYWORDS:

• Learning
• virtual environment
• simulation
• haptic device
• ultrasound probe
• ultrasound

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.