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Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial mycosis primarily caused by Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale, and typically treated with antifungals. However, alternative therapies, such as the use of essential oils (EOs), have been explored. EOs from Taxandria fragrans (FRA), Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO) and Boswelia serrata (IF) have demonstrated antidermatophytic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Despite this, limited information exists regarding their effects on the dermatophyte-host interaction. In this study, we assessed the effects of FRA, TTO, and IF on the interaction between the dermatophyte T. interdigitale and macrophages. FRA, TTO and IF maintained 100% macrophage viability at concentrations of 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.12%, respectively. Additionally, FRA, TTO and IF exhibited antioxidant properties by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by at least 30% after 6 h. During the macrophage-T. interdigitale interaction, EOs enhanced phagocytic activity, conidia engulfment, and the production of ROS and peroxytrite (PRN) by macrophages at 2 and 6 h. However, the fungicidal activity of macrophages remained unaffected by exposure to EOs. In summary, our findings demonstrate the stimulatory effects of FRA, TTO and IF on the macrophage-T. interdigitale interaction. Furthermore, we provide data about the effects of FRA and IF on macrophages, contributing valuable insights into the understanding of these EOs.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
