Use of a biochar-based formulation for coating corn seeds

Abstract

The series of experiments summarized here were conducted with the objective to evaluate the benefits of using biochar for coating corn seeds. Seeds coated with a slurry containing bio-based ingredients and biochar were tested for germination and vigor, and for their potential to being infected by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, using a novel single seed incubator specifically designed for these purposes. Biochar-treated seeds were also planted for two years in experimental fields in the Mississippi Delta to evaluate their effect on corn yield and aflatoxin contamination of kernels. Experiments were conducted with two types of commercial biochar; one was obtained from hardwood residues and the other from coconut shells. Application of both types of biochar for coating the seeds did not affect seed germination and vigor. However, treated seeds showed increased wettability and a more rapid water uptake. This resulted in a 8.5% shortening of germination time. Microbiological analysis using plate culturing and qPCR methods showed that biochar was not conducive to the growth of A. flavus. This was also confirmed by analyzing soil samples that were collected from experimental fields located in the Mississippi Delta. Most importantly, although aflatoxin contamination was different in the two experimental years, aflatoxin contamination of corn kernels was not affected by biochar-based formulations.

Keywords:

• biochar
• seed treatment
• seed germination
• Aspergillus flavus
• aflatoxins

Acknowledgement

We would like express our gratitude to Prof. Maria Letizia Focarete and Dr Monica Torsello of the Dept of Chemistry “Giacomo Giamician (University of Bologna) for their scientific support in measuring seed wettability.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).