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Articles

Revitalizing Air: More-than-Human Relations in Urban Health Beyond the Modern-Premodern Binary

Pages 56-72 | Received 17 Mar 2023, Accepted 09 Oct 2023, Published online: 23 Feb 2024
 

Abstract

The cleanliness, mobility and quality of urban air has regained political legibility in debates on post-pandemic cities. To contextualize the political and epistemological significance of air in urban contexts, we suggest looking at the under-researched experience of premodern cities and bodies, how they developed a complex ecological imagination and solutions guided by findings from Hippocratic-Galenic medicine. While we do not romanticize these efforts, we argue that they represent an overlooked archive through which the post-Enlightenment mechanization, securitization and abstraction of air can be challenged. Turning to recent findings from both more-than-human thinking and microbiology as applied to air (aerobiome), we acknowledge that microbiome science is a result of laboratory science; however, we argue that findings from microbiome science point to a reanimation of air as something that cannot be fully instrumentalized or securitized as in modernistic programs of biopolitical control. By drawing on the on the experience of the Hippocratic tradition as a catalyst and a proxy for wider ontologies of flows and corporeal porosity across the Eurasian landmass, we suggest arriving at an affirmative reconceptualization of human-environment entanglement based on notions of permeability and a non-binary ontology of flows. This more-than-human approach may not only complicate the alleged simplistic view of the “West” as a dualistic monolith but act also as bridge and companion to Indigenous and Southern ontologies and experiences of life, non-life, matter and nature.

Chinese

在疫情后的城市辩论中, 城市空气的清洁度、流动性和质量已经重新获得政治关注。为了理解空气在城市环境中的政治意义和认识论意义, 我们建议探索未得到充分研究的前现代城市和身体体验, 如何在希波克拉底―盖尔医学研究成果的指导下, 建立复杂的生态想象和解决方案。虽然我们没有将其浪漫化, 但我们认为, 这些成果被忽视了。它们能挑战后启蒙运动对空气的机制化、安全化和抽象化。根据超人类思维和微生物学应用于空气(空气生物群落)的最新发现, 我们承认微生物群落是实验室科学的结果;然而, 我们认为, 微生物群落的科学发现表明, 空气的复活无法像现代生物政治控制计划那样能够完全工具化或安全化。基于将希波克拉底经验作为欧亚大陆流动本体论和物质孔隙度的催化剂和指标, 我们提出了基于渗透性和非二元流动本体论的概念, 重新定义人类与环境的交织。这种超人类的方法, 不仅能将二元一体“西方”的简单认知进行复杂化, 还能成为土著和全球南方本体论以及生命、非生命、物质和自然界体验的桥梁和伙伴。

Spanish

La limpieza, la movilidad y la calidad del aire urbano han recobrado legibilidad política en los debates sobre las ciudades pospandémicas. Para contextualizar la significación política y epistemológica del aire en los contextos urbanos, sugerimos observar la experiencia poco investigada de las ciudades y cuerpos premodernos, cómo desarrollaron una imaginación y unas soluciones ecológicas complejas, orientadas por los descubrimientos de la medicina hipocrático-galénica. Si bien nosotros no romantizamos estos esfuerzos, sí argüimos que ellos representan un archivo dejado de lado a través del cual se puede cuestionar la mecanización, la bursatilización y la abstracción del aire después de la Ilustración. Retornando a los hallazgos recientes tanto del pensar más-que-humano y la microbiología aplicada al aire (aerobioma), hemos de reconocer que la ciencia del microbioma es un resultado de la ciencia de laboratorio; pero, sostenemos que los descubrimientos de la ciencia del microbioma apuntan a una reanimación del aire como algo que no puede ser enteramente instrumentalizado o bursatilizado, como ocurre en los programas modernistas del control biopolítico. A partir de la experiencia de la tradición hipocrática, como un catalizador y un proxy de ontologías de mayor amplitud de los flujos y porosidad corpórea en toda la extensión continental euroasiática, sugerimos llegar a una reconceptualización afirmativa del entrelazamiento humano–ambiental, basada en nociones de permeabilidad y en una ontología no binaria de los flujos. Este enfoque más-que-humano puede no solo complicar la supuesta visión simplista de “Occidente” como monolito dualista, sino también actuar de puente y compañero de las ontologías y experiencias indígenas y sureñas de la vida, la no-vida, la materia y la naturaleza.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We acknowledge that we live and work on the unceded, sovereign Country of the Wadawurrung people, the Boon Wurrung people, the Wurundjeri people, and the Gunditjmara people, and pay our respects to Elders and communities, past and present.

Additional information

Funding

Maurizio Meloni’s work was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT180100240).

Notes on contributors

Maurizio Meloni

MAURIZIO MELONI is an Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include the history of the interface of biology and politics in modern and premodern times.

Cecily Maller

CECILY MALLER is an Associate Professor at the School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include using post-humanist and relational thinking in urban contexts to understand how to support multispecies cities.

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