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Notes
1 Sergio DellaPergola, “World Jewish Population, 2015,” The American Jewish Year Book, 2015, Vol. 115, Arnold Dashefsky and Ira M. Sheskin. (eds.) (Dordrecht, 2015), pp. 273-364, www.jewishdatabank.org/Studies/downloadFile.cfm?FileID=3394.
2 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “Jewish Population of Europe in 1945,” Holocaust Encyclopedia, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005687.
3 Michael J. Cohen, Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945–1948 (Princeton, 1982), p. 250.
4 Pew Research Center, “Israel's Religiously Divided Society,” March 8, 2016, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/03/Israel-Survey-Full-Report.pdf.
5 “What is the Talmud,” Aleph Society, Inc. website, www.steinsaltz.org/What_is_the_Talmud.php.
6 Pew Research Center, “Americans Express Increasingly Warm Feelings Toward Religious Groups,” February 15, 2017, www.pewforum.org/2017/02/15/americans-express-increasingly-warm-feelings-toward-religious-groups/.
7 J.J. Goldberg, “Joining the Tribe Late in Life: The Ever-Widening Circle of Celebrity Jews,” The Forward, August 17, 2011, http://forward.com/opinion/141557/joining-the-tribe-late-in-life-the-ever-widening/.
8 Barney Breen-Portnoy, “CNN Panel Discusses Influence of Jared Kushner's Shabbat Observance on Father-in-Law President Donald Trump's Behavior,” The Algemeiner, February 3, 2017, www.algemeiner.com/2017/02/03/cnn-panel-discusses-influence-of-jared-kushners-shabbat-observance-on-father-in-law-president-donald-trumps-behavior/.
9 Jonathan Mahler, “Anti-Semitic Posts, Many from Trump Supporters, Surge on Twitter,” The New York Times, October 19, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/us/politics/anti-semitism-trump-supporters-twitter.html.
10 Ben Sales, “Stephen Bannon: 5 things Jews need to know about Trump's chief strategist,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, November 14, 2016, www.jta.org/2016/11/14/news-opinion/politics/trumps-chief-strategist-5-things-jews-need-to-know-about-stephen-bannon.
11 The White House, “Statement by the President on International Holocaust Remembrance Day,” January 27, 2017, www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/27/statement-president-international-holocaust-remembrance-day.
12 World Jewish Congress, “Transcript of US President Donald Trump's video message to the delegates of the World Jewish Congress Plenary Assembly,” April 25, 2017, www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/we-must-stamp-out-prejudice-and-anti-semitism-everywhere-trump-tells-world-jewish-congress-4-0-2017.
13 Adam Taylor, “Trump was first US president to visit Warsaw without visiting the Warsaw Ghetto since 1989,” The Washington Post, July 6, 2017, www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/07/06/trump-was-first-u-s-president-to-visit-warsaw-without-visiting-the-warsaw-ghetto-since-1989.
14 “Full Transcript: Trump and Netanyahu's Joint Press Conference,” Ha’aretz, February 15, 2017, www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.771992.
15 “On SNL, Trump goes crazy while Jared and Ivanka observe Shabbat,” The Jerusalem Post, February 5, 2017, www.jpost.com/Not-Just-News/Watch-On-SNL-Trump-goes-crazy-while-Jared-and-Ivanka-observe-Shabbat-480604.
16 Gregory A. Smith and Jessica Martinez, “How the faithful voted: A preliminary 2016 analysis,” Pew Research Center, November 9, 2016, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/09/how-the-faithful-voted-a-preliminary-2016-analysis/.
17 William Neuman, “In Democratic Stronghold of New York City, Trump Finds Support Among Orthodox Jews,” The New York Times, November 10, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/11/11/nyregion/in-democratic-stronghold-of-new-york-city-trump-finds-support-among-orthodox-jews.html.
18 Aaron Blake, “More young people voted for Bernie Sanders than Trump and Clinton combined—by a lot,” The Washington Post, June 20, 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/20/more-young-people-voted-for-bernie-sanders-than-trump-and-clinton-combined-by-a-lot/?utm_term=.847d2c7f3f49.
19 The Prime Minister's Office, “PM's Speech at the Begin-Sadat Center at Bar-Ilan University,” June 14, 2009, www.pmo.gov.il/English/MediaCenter/Speeches/Pages/speechbarilan140609.aspx.
20 American Jewish Committee, “AJC Survey of American Jewish Opinion 2016,” September 18, 2016, www.ajc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=7oJILSPwFfJSG&b=8479755&ct=14924707.
21 Lydia Saad, “Israel Maintains Positive Image in US,” Gallup, February 15, 2017, www.gallup.com/poll/203954/israel-maintains-positive-image.aspx.
22 The White House, “Statement by the Press Secretary,” February 2, 2017, www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/02/statement-press-secretary. When over two thousand new permits were authorized for settlement housing in June 2017, State Department spokeswomen Heather Nauert responded that in Trump's view, “unrestrained settlement activity does not help advance the peace process.”
23 The reports issued in 2016 by the Community Security Trust in the UK (https://cst.org.uk/data/file/1/9/Incidents_Report_2015.1454417905.pdf), the Jewish Community Security Service in France (www.antisemitisme.fr/dl/2015-EN.pdf), and the Anti-Defamation League in the US (http://global100.adl.org/public/ADL-Global-100-Executive-Summary2015.pdf) express this in great detail.
24 Camile Domonoske, “Wave Of Bomb Threats Targets Jewish Centers, Again,” National Public Radio, January 19, 2017, www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/19/510548864/wave-of-bomb-threats-targets-jewish-centers-again.
25 Azadeh Ansari and Joe Sutton, “Tombstones damaged at New York cemetery not vandalism, say police,” CNN, March 6, 2017, http://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/05/us/brooklyn-jewish-cemetery-tombstones-overturned/.
26 This has been a matter of much debate particularly in the UK, where Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has been embroiled in related scandal.
27 Liam Hoare, “The French Far Right's Unlikely Quest for Jewish Voters,” The Atlantic, February 23, 2012, www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/the-french-far-rights-unlikely-quest-for-jewish-voters/253498/.
28 Charles Hawley, “Cleaning Up Real Nice,” The American Interest, September 17, 2015, www.the-american-interest.com/2015/09/17/cleaning-up-real-nice/.
29 Sara Miller Llana and Tamara Micner, “Why are Jews, gays, and other minorities in Europe increasingly voting far-right?” The Christian Science Monitor, January 11, 2017, www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2017/0111/Why-are-Jews-gays-and-other-minorities-in-Europe-increasingly-voting-far-right.
30 Don Snyder, “European Jews Alarmed by Israeli Outreach to Anti-Semitic Far Right,” The Forward, January 8, 2017, http://forward.com/news/world/360436/european-jews-alarmed-by-israeli-outreach-to-anti-semitic-far-right/.
31 Jonathan Ferziger and Peter Waldman, “How Do Israel's Tech Firms Do Business in Saudi Arabia? Very Quietly,” Bloomberg Businessweek, February 2, 2017, www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-02-02/how-do-israel-s-tech-firms-do-business-in-saudi-arabia-very-quietly.
32 Ben Lynfield and Anna Ahronheim, “Saudi Arabia and Israel issue twin warnings on Iran,” The Jerusalem Post, February 19, 2017, www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Iran-News/Saudi-Arabia-Israel-present-de-facto-united-front-against-Iran-481996.
33 Michal Binyon and Gregg Carlstrom, “Trade talks between Israel and Saudi Arabia mark a historic first,” The Times, June 17, 2017, www.thetimes.co.uk/article/saudi-trade-talks-with-israel-is-historic-first-mrqb25j88.
34 DellaPergola, op. cit.
35 Ben Sales, “Anti-Semitism Drives 28% Jump in Aliyah,” The Forward, September 24, 2014, http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/206328/anti-semitism-drives-28-jump-in-aliyah.
36 Ministry of Diaspora Affairs, “About the Ministry,” www.mda.gov.il/EngSite/About/Pages/default.aspx.
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Shalom Lipner
Shalom Lipner is a nonresident senior fellow in the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution. From 1990 to 2016, he served seven consecutive premiers at the Prime Minister's Office in Jerusalem, where his portfolio included liaison with Jewish communities around the world.