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ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work is to perfectly utilise the resources with minimal wastage of material by the implementation of theoretical models for prediction of different responses of deep drawing viz., limiting drawing ratio (LDR), and maximum drawing load (MDL). Initially, some trial and error experimental and finite element (FE) simulations are performed to find the coefficient of friction (COF) values under lubricated (L) and non-lubricated (NL) conditions which is difficult to find from experiments. The various processing conditions like temperature, blank holding pressure (BHP), blank diameter and lubrication are used as input. The coupled effect of temperature and lubrication helped in increasing the formability of the material and also reduced the maximum load required to draw the cup. The experimental limiting drawing ratio (LDR) was observed to be 1.933 under 400°C lubricated condition which is 3.53% more than other processing conditions. Further, several models namely: Leu, Whiteley, Hosford, Atkinson, Siebel, Siebel-Beissiwagner, Lange and Groover have been applied for the prediction of LDR and MDL among which Leu’s and Siebel’s analytical relation has displayed the least error of 2.452% and 7.977% respectively.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).