Financial conflicts of interest between infectious diseases clinical practice guideline authors and the pharmaceutical industry in Japan

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Acknowledgement

The authors appreciate Ms. Megumi Aizawa for her dedicated support of our research project.

Ethics approval statement

As this study was a retrospective analysis of publicly available data and met the definition of non-human subjects’ research, no institutional board review and approval were required. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline.

Patient consent statement

Not applicable.

Permission to reproduce material from other sources

Not applicable.

Authors’ contributions

Anju Murayama: conceptualisation; methodology; resource; software; formal analysis; investigation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing; visualisation; study administration; supervision.

Naoki Shin: conceptualisation; resource; formal analysis; investigation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing.

Kenichi Higuchi: conceptualisation; resource; software; investigation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing.

Isha Kohli: conceptualisation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing

Hinari Kugo: conceptualisation; resource; investigation; writing – review and editing

Yuki Senoo: conceptualisation; methodology; resource; formal analysis; investigation; writing – original draft; writing – review and editing

Clinical trial registration

Not applicable.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there were no conflicts of interest for this study.

Disclosure statement of generative AI in scientific writing

During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT version 4.0 to check and correct grammatical and spelling errors. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Data sharing statement

All data used in this study is available from Yen For Docs database run by Medical Governance Research Institute (https://yenfordocs.jp/) and each pharmaceutical companies belonging to the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. Due to the privacy restriction, the datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.