Experimental challenges in ion channel research: uncovering basic principles of permeation and gating in potassium channels

ABSTRACT

Biological ion channels precisely control the flow of ions across membranes in response to a range of physical and chemical stimuli. With their ability of transporting ions in a highly selective manner and of integrating regulatory cues, they are a source of inspiration for the construction of solid-state nanopores as sensors or switches for practical applications. Here, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of ion permeation and gating in channel proteins with a focus on the elementary steps of ion transport through the pore and on non-canonical modes of intramolecular communication between peripheral sensory domains and the central channel pore.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• K⁺ channel
• gating
• voltage sensor
• selectivity filter
• intramolecular communication

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [TH558/34-1], European Research Council [695078], Fondazione Cariplo [2018–0231], Fondazione Telethon [GGP20021], Foundation for the National Institutes of Health [R01GM030376], and Fondation Leducq [TNE 19CV03 FANTASY].