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Articles

Localization patterns within urban areas: evidence from Brazil

, ORCID Icon &
Pages 157-176 | Received 30 Jul 2018, Accepted 27 Dec 2018, Published online: 12 Feb 2019
 

ABSTRACT

Although agglomeration gains in cities are now amply recognized, there is not so much evidence about the levels of concentration of economic activities within urban areas in developing countries. Based on a unique data set of geocoded firms of the Recife Metropolitan Region, the fifth largest region in Brazil, this research uses a distance-based measure to provide evidence about the levels of concentration of economic activities. The results indicate stronger levels of concentration in service industries characterized by higher levels of human capital within short distances (up to 5 km) and a non-linear association between localization and product differentiation.

摘要

城市地区区位选址模式:基于巴西数据的实证研究. Area Development and Policy.尽管城市中集聚所带来的好处已被充分认识,但对于发展中国家城市地区经济活动集中程度的实证研究还并不多见。基于一组对巴西第五大区——累西腓都市区公司的地理编码数据,本研究利用基于距离的测算方法证实了经济活动的集中水平。结果表明,短距离(5公里)内以高水平人力资本为特征的服务行业集中程度较高,并且区位选址与产品差异化之间存在非线性关系。

RESUMEN

Patrones de localización en áreas urbanas: el ejemplo de Brasil. Area Development and Policy. Aunque ahora ya se reconocen ampliamente las ganancias de la aglomeración en las ciudades, no hay muchas muestras de los niveles de concentración de las actividades económicas en las áreas urbanas de los países desarrollados. A partir de un grupo de datos exclusivo de empresas geocodificadas de la Región Metropolitana de Recife, la quinta región más grande de Brasil, en este estudio se utiliza un indicador basado en la distancia para demostrar los niveles de concentración de las actividades comerciales. Los resultados indican niveles más fuertes de concentración en las industrias de servicios caracterizadas por niveles más altos de capital humano en cortas distancias (hasta 5 km) y una asociación no lineal entre la localización y la diferenciación de productos.

агломерация

Модели локализации в городских ареалах: данные по Бразилии. Area Development and Policy. Хотя в настоящее время значение агломерационных эффектов в городах широко признано, данных об уровнях концентрации экономической деятельности в городских ареалах в развивающихся странах не так много. Основываясь на уникальном наборе данных геокодированных фирм городского ареала Ресифи, пятого по величине в Бразилии, в данном исследовании авторы используют дистанционный измеритель для получения данных об уровнях концентрации экономической деятельности. Полученные результаты указывают на более высокие уровни концентрации в отраслях сферы услуг, характеризующиеся более высоким уровнем человеческого капитала на коротких расстояниях (до 5 км) и нелинейной ассоциацией между локализацией и дифференциацией продукции.

Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÍfico e TecnolÓgico (CNPq, Bolsa de Produtividade) is gratefully acknowledged.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. A total of 10,288 firms for 2006 only; 16,699 firms for 2011 only; and 17,020 firms present in both years. Although RAIS data are also available for more recent years, we have CNPJ information only until 2011. Thus, in order to merge the two data sets, we restrict the analysis to the years up to and including 2011.

2. As the density function is unknown, h is estimated. We follow Duranton and Overman (Citation2005) and Silverman (Citation1986), who define h=0.9An1/5 and A=minσ, interquantile range/1.34.

3. As the values are normalized to sum to 1, it is expected that peaks of concentration will be compensated by points below the lower confidence bound. This, however, does not imply dispersion.

4. The values for 2006 are similar and are available from the authors upon request.

5. The list of the other activities is available from the authors upon request.

6. Our database presents 2271 different kinds of occupations.

7. Basically, it includes occupations using basic or standardized instruments in ordinary activities (groups 7 and 9 of the Brazilian Classification of Occupations – COB).

8. As the EG weights firms by number of employees, it is comparable only with Kemp and not with Kd.

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