http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-6232
Abstract
The tachinid fly Janthicuomyia sp. belongs to the subfamily Tachininae of Tachinidae. We sequenced and annotated the mitogenome of Janthicuomyia sp. which as the first representative of subfamily Tachininae with nearly complete mitochondrial data. This mitogenome is 14945 bp long, which consists of 22 transfer RNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and a non-coding control region. All genes have a conservational arrangement with other published species of Tachinidae. Our results also suggested that Exoristinae is the sister group to Dexiinae, and Tachininae is the sister group to the clade of Dexiinae + Exoristinae, and Phasiinae is the sister group to the clade of Tachininae + Dexiinae + Exoristinae.
Among all species of flies, Tachinidae is one of the most diverse families with over 8500 known species worldwide. Tachinid flies play an important role in the control of pests and balance of ecosystem as an enemy of pests (Stireman et al. Citation2006; O’Hara et al. Citation2009; O’Hara Citation2016; O’Hara & Cerretti Citation2016). Due to its various morphological features, entomologists are faced with great challenges to identify tachinid flies and the phylogenetic relationships in Tachinidae also draw the constant attention of scholars (Meier et al. Citation2006; O’Hara Citation2013; Zhao et al. Citation2013).
Hence, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of Janthicuomyia sp., which could be the representative of subfamily Tachininae for further research. Specimens of Janthicuomyia sp. were collected in Dudumen of Shaanxi Province by Peng Hou, and identified by Peng Hou and Prof. Chuntian Zhang. Specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU).
The genomic DNA was extracted from an adult’s muscle tissues of the thorax using the DNeasy DNA Extraction kit (TIANGEN, Beijing, China), and sequenced under the next generation sequence technology. The mitochondrial genome of Janthicuomyia sp. contains 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a non-coding control region, which were similar with related species reported before (Zhao et al. Citation2013; Wang, Ding, et al. Citation2016; Wang, Wang, et al. Citation2016; Wang, Liu, et al. Citation2016; Li et al. Citation2017).
The nucleotide composition of Janthicuomyia sp. mitochondrial genome was 40.0% of A, 38.8% of T, 12.2% of C, and 9.0% of G. The A + T content was 78.8% which was an average level among tachinid flies. The codon ATG was the most popular start codon shared with ATP6, CO2, CO3, CYTB, ND4, ND4L, and start codon ATT was shared with ND2, ND3, ND5, ND6. Particularly, the ATP8 begins with codon ATC, the CO1 begins with codon TCG, and the ND1 begins with codon TTG. The conservative stop codon TAA was shared with ATP6, ATP8, CO1, CO3, ND2, ND4L, ND6, another common stop codon TAG was shared with CYTB, ND1, ND3. As for the other three genes, CO2 and ND5 were terminated with an incomplete stop codon T, while the gene ND4 was ended with stop codon TA.
Bayesian phylogenetic analysis (Kumar et al. Citation2016; Stamatakis Citation2006) was performed based on 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs of 6 Tachinidae and 2 Oestroidea species, and the topology is shown in . According to the phylogenetic outcome, the outgroups Lucilia sericata (Calliphoridae) and Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Sarcophagidae) form a clade diverged from Tachinidae clades. Our results strongly supported the monophyly of Tachinidae. It also indicated that subfamily Exoristinae is the sister group to Dexiinae, and Tachininae is the sister group to the clade of Dexiinae + Exoristinae, and Phasiinae is the sister group to the clade of Tachininae + Dexiinae + Exoristinae.
Figure 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of eight species which consist of six Tachinidae species and two outgroups. *indicates this study.
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The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
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