https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-8723
Abstract
Here, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Nysius fuscovittatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). This mitogenome was 14575 bp long, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA unit genes (rrnL and rrnS), and a putative control region. All genes were arranged in the same order as that of most true bugs. Eleven PCGs started with a typical ATN, and the remaining two PCGs started with TTA (nad4L) and TTG (cox1). The N. fuscovittatus mitogenome with an A + T content of 76.42% showed a positive AT-skew (0.15) and a negative GC-skew (–0.15). With the exception of trnS1 that lacked the dihydrouridine arm, all tRNAs had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs showed that N. fuscovittatus clustered with other three Lygaeidae species.
Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) includes over 4600 described species in approximate 15 families. Most Lygaeoidea species are phytophagous, whereas a few are predators. Currently, the phylogenetic relationships among families within Lygaeoidea are still controversial (Yuan et al. Citation2015; Zhang et al. Citation2019). Here, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Nysius fuscovittatus from the family Lygaeidae by high-throughput sequencing.
Adult specimens of N. fuscovittatus were collected from Menyuan County, Qinghai Province, China, in October 2019 (101°21′04″ E, 37°62′48″ N). Samples (voucher number MY-59) have been deposited in the State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. The total genomic DNA was extracted from a single specimen using a DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen).
The complete mitogenome of N. fuscovittatus was a circular molecule of 14,575 bp in size and has been deposited in NCBI (GenBank accession number MT242601). This mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA unit genes (rrnL and rrnS), and a putative control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of N. fuscovittatus was identical to that of most true bugs (Yuan et al. Citation2015; Zhang et al. Citation2019). Gene overlaps were observed at five gene junctions and involved a total of 16 bp. The longest overlap (7 bp) existed between atp6 and atp8 and the overlapped seven nucleotides were ATGATAA. In addition to the putative control region, a total of 109 nucleotides were dispersed 10 intergenic spacers, ranging in size from 1 bp to 67 bp. The longest intergenic spacers existed between trnH and nad4.
The nucleotide composition of the N. fuscovittatus mitogenome was significantly biased toward A and T. The A + T content was 76.42% (A = 43.78%, T = 32.64%, C = 13.54%, G = 10.05%). This mitogenome presented a positive AT-skew (0.15) and a negative GC-skew (–0.15), as found in most insect mitogenomes. The rrnL was 1269 bp long with an A + T content of 78.09%, and the rrnS was 714 bp with an A + T content of 76.33%. Among the 13 PCGs, atp8 (84.62%) was higher in A + T content, whereas cox3 (71.45%) and cox1 (71.19%) were the lowest. Eleven PCGs started with a typical ATN codon, whereas the remaining two PCGs started with TTA (nad4L) and TTG (cox1). Three PCGs terminated with a complete end codon TAA (atp8, nad4 and nad4L), whereas the remaining ten terminated with an incomplete stop codon TA– or T—. All of the 22 tRNAs, ranging from 61 bp (trnA) to 73 bp (trnK), had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 which lacked the dihydrouridine arm.
Phylogenetic analysis was performed with the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs from 12 Lygaeoidea species and 1 Pyrrhocoroidea species (outgroup). The Bayesian inference was performed with MrBayes 3.2.6 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck Citation2003) on the CIPRES Science Gateway 3.3 (Miller et al. Citation2010). The phylogenetic tree indicated that N. fuscovittatus clustered with other three Lygaeidae species and Lygaeidae was sister to Berytidae and Geocoridae ().
Figure 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred from the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes of 12 Lygaeoidea. Numbers at the nodes are posterior probabilities.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available in GenBank of NCBI at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, reference number MT242601.
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References
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