Analysis of the complete plastomes of Bidens pilosa L. 1753 (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) from Beijing, China reveals high genetic diversity and possible misidentifications

Abstract

Bidens pilosa L. 1753 is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant, traditionally used in foods and medicines. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and characterized the complete plastome of B. pilosa from Beijing, China. The plastome (MN385242) is circularized with a conservative quadripartite structure. Its length is 150,524 bp, including a large single-copy region (83,535 bp), a small single-copy region (17,627 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (each 24,681 bp). The plastome consists of 128 genes, including 78 unique protein-coding, 28 unique tRNA, and 4 unique rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed all five B. pilosa plants couldn’t form a monophyletic clade and were separated into three clades. The results of K2P distance and molecular markers were all consistent with those of phylogenetic analysis, revealing high genetic diversity and even possible misidentifications of the B. pilosa. Our results highlighted the importance of correct species identification of materials in medicinal products.

Keywords:

• Asteraceae
• Bidens pilosa
• molecular marker
• phylogenetic analysis
• plastome

Ethics statement

All samples in this study were collected with permission from the field of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. This study complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.

Author contributions

The manuscript includes the contributions of all authors. Chang Liu conceived and designed this study; LiQiang Wang collected the samples; LiQiang Wang and HaiMei Chen extracted DNA for next-generation sequencing; Mei Jiang and HaiMei Chen assembled the complete plastome; Xi Wu and Qixia Yu annotated and analyzed the plastome structure; Xi Wu and Michelle Liu wrote the manuscript, calculated the K2P distance of five Bidens pilosa plants and searched novel molecular markers. Bin Wang and LiQiang Wang performed the phylogenetic analysis and revised the manuscript. All authors have read the manuscript and agreed with its contents.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The plastome sequence has been deposited in GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) with the accession number of MN385242 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN385242). The associated BioProject, Bio-Sample and SRA numbers are PRJNA543381, SAMN16089020 and SRR12620715 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRR12620715).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Innovation Funds for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) [2016-I2M-3-016, 2017-I2M-1-013], National Science Foundation Funds [81872966], National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China [2018FY100705], the Doctoral Fund Project of Heze University [XY20BS09], project ZR2021MC136 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation. The funders were not involved in the study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.