http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-8801
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Abstract
The topic of social welfare provision is currently drawing a lot of attention in both the Netherlands and China. Both governments are considering a new division between the responsibilities of the state, the individual citizen and the market. Both countries find themselves having to develop new socially and financially sustainable systems of social welfare provision. From the angle of the public-private mix, this article seeks to discuss the institutional evolution of systems of social welfare provision in the Netherlands and China, with a focus on health care, social housing and pension provision/elderly care.
The public-private mix refers to four distinguishable ‘levels’ which can be identified in the public-private dimension: systems, organizations, partnerships and values. Despite the cultural differences, the long history of a mixed public – private tradition in the Netherlands could prove a source of inspiration in the Chinese context in several different ways. Firstly, the combination of an active government and an active private sector (civil society and private companies). Secondly, a welfare system that is highly regulated by the government. And thirdly a bottom-up approach, which favours negotiations and puts more emphasis on the processes, and in which projects take longer to plan and execute but that also creates support and legitimacy.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
Notes
1 See Mok and Hudson, “Managing Social Change and Social Policy in Greater China,” 235–238; Liu and Sun, “Pension Reform in China,” 15–28; Liu and Sun, “An Apocalyptic Vision of Ageing in China,” 354–364.
2 See Liu and Sun, “An Apocalyptic Vision of Ageing in China,” 354–364; Liu, “Super-Aging and Social Security for the Most Elderly in China,” 105–112.
3 See Brandsen, Helderman, and van Montfort, “Nieuw Verbindend Vermogen,” 129–147.
4 See, for example, Van der Wal, “Value solidity,”; Bozeman, Public Values and Public Interest; Karré, “Heads and Tails.”
5 See Bozeman, All Organizations are Public; Bozeman, Public Values and Public Interest.
6 See Pesch, The Predicaments of Publicness.
7 See Koppell, The Politics of Quasi-Government; Karré, “Heads and Tails.”
8 Although there are other forms of partnerships (i.e., Public-Public and Private-Private), this research focuses on the form of public-private.
9 See De Vries and Etienne, The Routledge Companion to Public-Private Partnerships.
10 See Bozeman, Public Values and Public Interest; Van der Wal, “Value Solidity," 678–689.
11 See Asbeek Brusse and van Montfort, Wonen, Zorg en Pensioenen; Brandsen, Helderman, and van Montfort, “Nieuw Verbindend Vermogen,” 129–147.
12 The Economist, “The Rise of State Capitalism,” 21–27.
13 De Jong et al., “Introducing Public–Private Partnerships for Metropolitan Subways in China,” 301–313.
14 See The State Council, “Guowuyuan Guanyu Guli he Yindao Mianjian Touzi Jiankang Fazhan de Ruogan Yijian.”
15 See Wagstaff, Reforming China’s Rural Health System.
16 Eggleston et al., “Health Service Delivery in China,” 149–165.
17 Tang et al., “The Growth of Private Hospitals and their Health Workforce in China,” 30–41.
18 Wang, Xu, and Jiang, “Evaluation on Comprehensive Quality of 456 Doctors in Township Hospitals,” 72–74.
19 Zhang, Jia, and Wan, “A Study of the Cooperative Involvement and Cooperative Embedment and Its Influence of the Cooperation Efficiency,” 192–201.
20 Stan, Peng, and Bruton, “Slack and the Performance of State-Owned Enterprises,” 473–495.
21 Li, The Third Path.
22 Zhang, “Make an Equal Access to Everyone for Health Care through the Reform of Mentougou Hospital.”
23 NHC, the Statistical Data on Number of National Health Institutions, 2018.
24 Liu and Sun, “An Apocalyptic Vision of Ageing in China,” 354–364.
25 Ministry of Civil Affairs, “Shehui Fuwu Fazhan Tongji Gongbao 2017.”
26 Research Group of China Research Center on Aging, ”Research on Situation of Urban and Rural Disabled Elderly,” 11–16.
27 Zuo, “Investing and Financing Public Rental Housing through PPP”.
28 Zheng, Yuan, and Li, “Fund Operation of Public Rental Housing Project Based on PPP,” 108–113.
29 Ibid.
30 Wang, Organizing Through Division and Exclusion.
31 National Bureau of Statistics, “Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2017 National Economic and Social Development.”
32 See note 13 above.
33 Wang, The relationship between seeking help and offering help in the Chinese society, 19–28.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Cor van Montfort
Cor van Montfort is an associate professor at Tilburg University and program manager at The Netherlands Court of Audit. His research focuses on good governance in public-private partnerships and hybrid organizations. In the past years he worked on projects in education, social housing, pensions and partnerships for liveable cities.
Li Sun
Li Sun is a lecturer in Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds, and an adjunct researcher at Peking University–Lincoln Institute. Meanwhile, Li also serves as consultant to UN, World Bank, and OECD. Her researches focus on urbanization issues in China including rural-urban migration, land, housing, and social welfare.
Ying Zhao
Ying Zhao is PhD candidate in School of Labor and Human Resources at Renmin University of China. Her researches focus on social security and health insurance in China.