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Articles

Decolonizing Urban Political Ecologies: The Production of Nature in Settler Colonial Cities

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Pages 558-568 | Received 01 Jan 2017, Accepted 01 Aug 2017, Published online: 18 Dec 2017
 

Abstract

This article contributes to the decolonization of urban political ecology (UPE) by centering the ongoing processes of colonization and its resistances that produce urban natures in settler colonial cities. Placing the UPE literature in conversation with scholarship on settler colonialism and Indigenous resurgence, we demonstrate how the ecology of the settler colonial city is marked by the imposition of a colonial socionatural order on existing Indigenous socionatural systems. Examining the case of Lekwungen territory, commonly known as Victoria, British Columbia, we consider how parks, property lines, and settler agriculture are inscribed on a dynamic food system maintained by the Lekwungen over millennia. The erasure of the Lekwungen socioecological system, however, has never been complete. Efforts of the Lekwungen and their allies to continue managing these lands as part of an Indigenous food system have resulted in conflict with volunteer conservationists and parks officials who assert their own jurisdictional authority over the space. Drawing on interviews and participant observation research, we argue that the seemingly quotidian and everyday acts of tending to urban greenspace by these groups are actually of central importance to struggles over the reproduction of UPEs in the settler colonial city.

本文透过聚焦生产迁佔殖民城市本质的持续的殖民及反抗过程, 对城市政治生态学 (UPE) 的去殖民作出贡献。我们将 UPE 文献置放于迁佔殖民主义与原住民復甦的文献对话之中, 展现迁佔殖民城市生态, 如何以对既存的原住民社会自然系统加诸殖民的社会自然秩序为印记。我们检视肋筐恩 (Lekwungen) 领地的案例——此地一般以英属哥伦比亚的维多利亚所为人熟知, 考量公园、产权界限与迁佔者农业, 如何拓印于肋筐恩维系上千年的动态粮食系统之上。但肋筐恩的社会生态系统却从未完全遭到抹除。肋筐恩及其同盟者持续管理这些土地作为原住民粮食系统的努力, 导致与志愿保存者和将自身管辖权投射于该空间的公园职员之间的冲突。我们运用访谈和参与式观察, 主张这些群体照料城市绿空间此般看似平凡且日常的行为, 实际上对于在迁佔殖民城市中再生产 UPE 的斗争而言至关重要。

Este artículo contribuye a la descolonización de la ecología política urbana (EPU) centrando los procesos actuales de colonización y sus resistencias generadores de naturalezas urbanas en ciudades de orígenes coloniales. Colocando la literatura de la EPU en conversación con la erudición sobre colonialismo con colonos y la resurgencia indígena, demostramos el modo como la ecología de la ciudad colonial de pobladores colonos está marcada por la imposición de un orden socionatural colonial sobre los sistemas socionaturales indígenas existentes. Examinando el caso del territorio lekwungen, conocido comúnmente como Victoria, Columbia Británica, consideramos cómo los parques, las líneas de propiedad y la agricultura de los pobladores están inscritos en un sistema alimentario dinámico mantenido a través de los milenios por los lekwungen. Sin embargo, la eliminación del sistema socioecológico lekwungen nunca se ha completado. Los esfuerzos de los lekwungen y de sus aliados para continuar manejando estas tierras como parte de un sistema alimentario indígena han terminado en conflicto con conservacionistas voluntarios y oficiales de los parques, quienes reivindican su propia autoridad jurisdiccional sobre ese espacio. Con base en entrevistas y observaciones de investigación participativa, argumentamos que los actos diarios aparentemente cotidianos de ocuparse del espacio verde urbano por estos grupos son realmente de importancia central en las luchas para la reproducción de la EPU en la ciudad colonial de pobladores colonos.

Acknowledgments

Many thanks to Cheryl Bryce, Jeff Corntassel, and Joanne Cuffe for inspiration and guidance. Thanks also to Trevor Barnes, Eric Higgs, Nathan McClintock, Nik Heynen, and the two anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback on previous versions of this article.

Additional information

Funding

This article was written with support from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Notes on contributors

Michael Simpson

MICHAEL SIMPSON is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Geography at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include the political ecologies of settler colonialism and conflicts over pipelines in North America.

Jen Bagelman

JEN BAGELMAN is a Lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. Her work critically examines how displacement is produced through exclusionary citizenship and bordering practices and explores how anticolonial movements enact more loving geopolitics.

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