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Articles

Supply-Chain Urbanism: Constructing and Contesting the Logistics City

Pages 2149-2164 | Received 05 Aug 2019, Accepted 09 Feb 2021, Published online: 27 Apr 2021
 

Abstract

With the development of global logistical systems to coordinate the movement of goods, cities around the world are being reconceived as nodes in circuits of commodity capital. These efforts are reshaping urban environments and provoking novel forms of political resistance. They are also bringing distant places and subjects into new relations of interaction and interdependence. This article traces the web of urban change and contestation that has taken shape around the expansion of the Panama Canal, an infrastructure megaproject with reverberations that have been felt in port cities throughout the Americas. Drawing on research conducted in the Panama City, Los Angeles, and New York City areas, I examine efforts to remake urban space in the name of smooth, efficient circulation—what I call supply-chain urbanism—and the struggles that have ensued over land, labor, and environments. The concept of supply-chain urbanism calls attention to the life-damaging impacts of goods movement on communities and workers, impacts that are unevenly distributed across space, race, and class. Crucially, it also underscores the connections between seemingly disparate episodes of urban change and resistance. Beyond shedding light on emerging forms of logistics-based urbanization, the article illustrates the value of relational methodologies for the study of networked urban dynamics. In disclosing the wider forces, processes, and flows that connect far-flung experiences of urban transformation and struggle, such approaches can apprehend the interlinked character of contemporary urbanization processes in ways that purely local perspectives cannot.

随着协调货物流动的全球物流系统的发展, 世界各地的城市被重新视为商品资本流动的节点。这些行为正在重塑城市环境, 激起新形式的政治抵抗, 并将遥远的地方和事务带入到新的互动和依存关系中。巴拿马运河的扩建是一个超大型基础设施项目, 整个美洲的港口城市都能感受到其影响。本文追溯了巴拿马运河扩建所带来的城市变化和竞争网络。根据对巴拿马城、洛杉矶和纽约的研究, 本文考察了以平稳、高效流通的名义(供应链城市主义)去重塑城市空间的努力, 以及随之而来的土地、劳动力和环境方面的斗争。供应链城市主义的观念, 要求人们关注商品流动对社区和工人的生命破坏, 及其在空间、种族和阶级上的不均衡影响。关键是, 它还强调了看似不同的城市变化和抵抗之间的联系。除了基于物流的城市化新形式, 本文还阐明了关系方法学在研究网络化城市变化的价值。广泛的推动力、过程和流动, 将城市转型和斗争经历相关联起来, 而本文的方法可以理解当代城市化进程中的关联特征, 而这些特征在局地角度上是无法理解的。

Con el desarrollo de sistemas logísticos globales que coordinen los movimientos de bienes, alrededor del mundo las ciudades están siendo concebidas de nuevo, a manera de nodos en los circuitos donde se mueve el capital como mercancía. Estos esfuerzos están reconfigurando los entornos urbanos y provocando nuevas formas de resistencia política. También, están convocando lugares y sujetos distantes a nuevas relaciones de interacción e interdependencia. Este artículo le sigue el paso a la cadena de cambio e impugnación urbanos que ha tomado forma en función de la expansión del Canal de Panamá, un megaproyecto de infraestructura con repercusiones que se sienten en las ciudades porteñas a través de todas las Américas. A partir de investigaciones realizadas en las áreas de Ciudad de Panamá, Los Ángeles y Nueva York, examino los esfuerzos emprendidos para rehacer el espacio urbano con el pretexto de una circulación tranquila y eficiente––lo que yo denomino urbanismo de cadena de suministros––y las luchas que han surgido sobre la tierra, el trabajo y el medio ambiente. El concepto de urbanismo de cadena de suministros llama la atención hacia los impactos que afectan la vida por el movimiento de bienes sobre comunidades y trabajadores, impactos que por lo demás se distribuyen desigualmente a través del espacio, raza y clase. Crucialmente, también se subrayan las conexiones entre episodios aparentemente dispares de transformación y resistencia urbanas. Más allá de echar luz sobre formas emergentes de urbanización basada en logística, el artículo ilustra el valor de metodologías relacionales para el estudio de la dinámica urbana encadenada. Divulgando las más amplias fuerzas, procesos y flujos que conectan las vastas experiencias de la transformación y las luchas urbanas, tales enfoques pueden captar el carácter interconectado de los procesos de urbanización contemporánea de maneras que las perspectivas puramente locales no pueden hacerlo.

Acknowledgments

My sincere thanks go to Wes Attewell, Neil Brenner, Michelle Buckley, Dan Cohen, Deborah Cowen, Emily Gilbert, Kanishka Goonewardena, Paige Patchin, Scott Prudham, and Laura Vaz-Jones for their invaluable comments on earlier versions of this article.

Notes

1 Although this approach brings to the fore certain aspects of the phenomena under study, like all methods it requires deemphasizing others. In this case, the interweaving of three vignettes means that some of the detail and complexity of the individual episodes must necessarily be left out.

2 Flow is an imperfect metaphor for goods movement, suggesting a smoothness and a continuity that are seldom realized in practice. As critical scholars of logistics have stressed, the physical circulation of commodities is often intermittent, uneven, and prone to numerous forms of disruption (Chua et al. Citation2018).

3 Quotes have been translated from Spanish where applicable. The names of some informants have been changed or withheld to protect anonymity.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Martin Danyluk

MARTIN DANYLUK is an Assistant Professor in the School of Geography at the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. His research focuses on urban change and inequality in the context of globalization.

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