1,063
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Just Transition for All? Labor Organizing in the Energy Sector Beyond the Loss of “Jobs Property”

ORCID Icon
Pages 94-109 | Received 04 Dec 2019, Accepted 16 Mar 2022, Published online: 18 Jul 2022
 

Abstract

In this article, I investigate the origin, limits, and possibilities of just transition as a policy framework to support labor organizing in the energy sector. Just transition first emerged within the labor movement to describe measures to “make whole” workers laid off as the result of necessary environmental policy. Following Gidwani (Citation2015), I analyze claims for income replacement or continued employment as an assertion of “jobs property” based on the collectively bargained standards that unions have negotiated for dangerous jobs in fossil fuel sectors. Although the uses of just transition have grown to encompass broader demands for a democratic and equitable shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy including energy, environmental, and climate justice, I observe that the objectives of labor-centered climate policy often remain focused on the defense of jobs property for dislocated workers. I argue compensation for the loss of jobs property is insufficient to address historical exclusions of people of color and women from energy industry employment or secure the livelihoods of dislocated workers given increasing precarity. Drawing from more than eighty interviews and field work with energy justice campaigns in Atlanta, I consider the case of energy-sector workers in the U.S. South to center a just transition framework that reconstitutes a social wage to address the uneven spatial development of the U.S. labor market.

公正过渡做为一个政策框架,支撑了能源部门的劳工组织。本文研究公正过渡的起源、局限和可能性。公正过渡最早出现于劳工运动中,描述因环境政策需要而导致全体工人下岗的措施。根据Gidwani(2015)的研究和化石燃料行业危险工作的工会集体协商标准,我分析了保障“工作财产”的替代收入或继续就业的主张。尽管公正过渡已经广泛应用于化石燃料和可再生能源领域(包括能源、环境和气候正义)的民主和公平转变,但是我注意到,以劳工为核心的气候政策的目标,仍然集中在保护失业工人的工作财产。我认为,工作财产的补偿,不足以解决能源行业对有色人种和女性的历史性排斥问题,也不足以保障失业工人越来越动荡的生活。根据对美国亚特兰大80余次能源正义运动的采访和实地考察,我研究了美国南部能源部门的劳工,关注旨在重建社会工资的公正过渡框架,探讨了美国劳工市场的空间发展不平衡问题。

En este artículo, investigo el origen, las limitaciones y las posibilidades de la transición justa como el marco político que apoye la organización laboral en el sector energético. La transición justa apareció originalmente en el movimiento obrero para describir las acciones destinadas a compensar a los trabajadores que fuesen despedidos como consecuencia de una política ambiental necesaria. Siguiendo a Gidwani (2015), analizo los reclamos por sustitución de ingresos o por continuidad del empleo, a manera de reafirmación de “la propiedad de los puestos de trabajo”, con base en los estándares reivindicados por los sindicatos para labores peligrosas en los sectores de combustibles fósiles. Si bien los usos de la transición justa se han extendido para incluir también demandas más amplias en pro de un cambio democrático y equitativo de combustibles fósiles a la energía renovable, que incluya justicia energética, ambiental y climática, noto que los objetivos de la política climática centrada en el trabajo a menudo se enfocan en la defensa de la propiedad de los empleos para los trabajadores desplazados. Arguyo que la compensación por la pérdida de la propiedad de los puestos de trabajo es insuficiente para abordar las exclusiones históricas de la gente de color y de las mujeres de puestos de trabajo en el sector industrial energético, o para garantizarles a los trabajadores desplazados sus medios de vida, dada la creciente precariedad. A partir de más de ochenta entrevistas y trabajo de campo con campañas de justicia energética en Atlanta, examino el caso de los trabajadores del sector energético en el Sur de los EE.UU. para centrar un marco de transición justa que represente un salario social, para abordar el desigual desarrollo espacial del mercado laboral de los Estados Unidos.

Acknowledgments

Many thanks to Nik Heynen, Caroline Keegan, Mukul Kumar, James McCarthy, Katie Meehan, Jennifer Cassidento, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback. Thank you also to the many interview participants who shared their time and thoughts with me.

Notes

1 In right-to-work states, union security agreements are prohibited, meaning that workers cannot be required to join a union even in workplaces represented by a local that is nonetheless responsible for representing nonmember workers as “free riders.” For an analysis of the legal and geographical history of U.S. right-to-work laws, see Peck (Citation2016).

2 OCAW eventually merged with the United Steel Workers.

3 Trade Adjustment Assistance and the worker protection programs following the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments are two such examples.

4 All names of interview participants have been changed to pseudonyms.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Award #1932905.

Notes on contributors

Nikki Luke

NIKKI LUKE is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research focuses on energy, social reproduction, and labor in cities in the U.S. South.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.