An Impact of Short-Term Climate Oscillations in the Late Pleniglacial and Lateglacial Interstadial on Sedimentary Processes and the Pedogenic Record in Central Poland

Abstract

Environmental studies based on analyses of fluvio-aeolian successions with paleosols in central Poland, forming the central part of the European Sand Belt, are presented. Paleogeographic reconstruction was based on high-resolution analyses of four sites using sedimentological and paleopedological methods as well as forty-four optically stimulated luminescence and fourteen radiocarbon dating measurements. Age-identified individual lithological and soil units were first correlated between sites, emphasizing the differences between them. The results were then correlated with Greenland ice-core stratigraphic units reflecting global environmental changes in the Late Pleniglacial and Lateglacial interstadial, thus ranging from GS-2.1a, through the GI-1 complex (seven subunits), to GS-1. Studies revealed considerable sensitivity of fluvio-aeolian succession to climate changes and oscillations. Climate ameliorations are recorded in fossil soil horizons developed beneath different types of vegetation cover. We detected that the climate cooling GI-1d (the Older Dryas) was not the main phase of dune formation as had been claimed earlier. It is postulated that dunes in the extraglacial zone were formed mainly in GI-1c2 (the Early Allerød). Preexisting dunes were transformed in GS-1 (the Younger Dryas) and in the Early Holocene, locally interrupted by soil formation.

本文分析了波兰中部（欧洲沙带中部）古土壤的河流风成演替。根据对4个站点的高分辨率沉积学和古土壤学分析、44个受激发光测量和14个放射性碳测年，本文重建了该地区的古地理。首先，将已经确认年龄的各个岩性和土壤单元，与站点进行关联分析，强调了站点之间的差异。格陵兰冰芯地层单元能反映普伦尼晚期和后冰期间冰阶的全球环境变化。因此，本文将结果与从GS-2.1a到GI-1复合体七个亚单元直到GS-1的格陵兰冰芯地层单元进行了关联分析。研究表明，河流风成演替对气候变化和气候振荡非常敏感。不同植被类型的化石土壤层，记载了气候的改善。我们发现，导致气候变冷的GI-1d（Older Dryas）并不是沙丘形成的主要阶段。据推测，冰外带沙丘主要形成于GI-1c2（Early Allerød）。沙丘的转变发生在GS-1（Younger Dryas）和全新世早期，并受到土壤形成的局部影响。

Se presentan aquí estudios ambientales basados en análisis de sucesiones fluvio-eólicas con paleosuelos del centro de Polonia, que constituyen el área central del Cinturón Arenoso Europeo. La reconstrucción paleogeográfica se basó en análisis de alta resolución de cuatro sitios usando métodos sedimentológicos y paleopedológicos, lo mismo que cuarenta y cuatro mediciones de luminiscencia ópticamente estimulada y catorce mediciones de datación con radiocarbono. Primero, se correlacionaron las unidades litológicas y pedológicas individuales, identificadas por edades entre los sitios, haciendo énfasis en las diferencias entre ellas. Luego se correlacionaron los resultados con las unidades estratigráficas de núcleos de hielo de Groenlandia que reflejan los cambios ambientales globales en el Pleniglacial Tardío y en el interestadio Tardiglacial, yendo así del GS-2.1a, a través del complejo GI-1 (siete subunidades), hasta GS-1. Los estudios revelaron considerable sensibilidad de la sucesión fluvio-eólica a los cambios y oscilaciones climáticos. Los atemperamientos del clima quedaron registrados en los horizontes fósiles del suelo desarrollados entre diferentes tipos de cubierta vegetal. Detectamos que el enfriamiento del clima GI-1d (el Dryas Antiguo) no fue la fase principal de formación de dunas, como se sostenía anteriormente. Se sugiere que las dunas de la zona extraglacial se formaron principalmente en GI-1c2 (en el Allerød Temprano). Las dunas preexistentes fueron transformadas en GS-1 (el Dryas más Temprano) y en el Holoceno Temprano, proceso interrumpido localmente por la formación de suelos.

Key Words:

• Bølling-Allerød interstadial
• inland aeolian dunes
• OSL dating
• paleosols
• ¹⁴C dating

关键词:

• Allerød间冰阶
• 内陆风成沙丘
• OSL测年
• 古土壤
• 碳十四测年

Palabras clave:

• datación ¹⁴C
• datación OSL
• dunas eólicas interiores
• interestadio de Bølling-Allerød
• paleosuelos

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped us improve the article.

Additional information

Funding

This study is a contribution to a scientific project financed by the National Science Centre, Poland – No. 2018/30/E/ST10/00616.

Notes on contributors

Piotr Moska

PIOTR MOSKA is a Full Professor in the Institute of Physics at the Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include luminescence methods used in the stratigraphy of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.

Robert J. Sokołowski

ROBERT J. SOKOŁOWSKI is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geophysics, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, al. Piłsudskiego 46, Gdynia, 81-378, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include sedimentology of terrestrial deposits, particularly fluvial, glacial, and periglacial environments as well as stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the Quaternary complexes.

Paweł Zieliński

PAWEŁ ZIELIŃSKI is a Full Professor in the Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Al. Kraśnicka 2d, Lublin, 20-718, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geomorphology, sedimentology, and paleogeography of aeolian environment.

Zdzisław Jary

ZDZISŁAW JARY is a Full Professor in the Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, 50-137, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include stratigraphy and sedimentology of loess deposits in central Europe.

Jerzy Raczyk

JERZY RACZYK is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, 50-137, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geochemistry of palesols and textural analyses of sediments.

Przemysław Mroczek

PRZEMYSŁAW MROCZEK is a Full Professor in the Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Al. Kraśnicka 2d, Lublin, 20-718, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include soil analyses and microtextures.

Agnieszka Szymak

AGNIESZKA SZYMAK is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Physics, Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include physics of luminescence in quartz grains and OSL dating.

Marcin Krawczyk

MARCIN KRAWCZYK is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, 50-137, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include soil analyses and textutal analyses of loess deposits.

Jacek Skurzyński

JACEK SKURZYŃSKI is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, 50-137, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geochemistry of terrestrial deposits.

Grzegorz Poręba

GRZEGORZ PORĘBA is a Full Professor in the Institute of Physics, Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include dosimetry of deposits.

Michał Łopuch

MICHAŁ ŁOPUCH is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Wrocław, 50-137, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include geographic information systems analysis of aeolian dune systems.

Konrad Tudyka

KONRAD TUDYKA is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Physics, Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 22B, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include physics of luminescence in quartz grains and OSL dating.