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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 1, 2017 - Issue 4
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Clinical Respiratory Review

Changing face of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Canada

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ABSTRACT

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, life-threatening condition with an untreated median survival of less than three years. Frequently, PAH is not initially recognized as patients are misdiagnosed with other, more common causes of exercise intolerance. This leads to potentially avoidable delays in treatment. At the same time, the prevalence of PAH is increasing as survival improves with the availability of efficacious therapies. As a consequence, patients with PAH are increasingly being encountered in many fields of medical practice. Moreover, the care of patients with PAH has become more complex as treatment decisions are being based on multi-parameter risk assessment to determine when to deploy a growing array of drugs, targeting different pathways, and often in combination.

This review provides a comprehensive look at the history, pathobiology, and modern epidemiology of PAH, the evidence behind PH-targeted medications and an update on the diagnosis and management of PAH in Canada.

RÉSUMÉ

L'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie évolutive potentiellement mortelle pour laquelle la médiane de survie en l'absence de traitement est de moins de trois ans. Il arrive souvent que l'HTAP ne soit pas reconnue dès le départ et que les patients reçoivent un diagnostic erroné qui confond cette maladie avec d'autres causes d'intolérance à l'exercice plus répandues. Cette situation entraîne des délais de traitement potentiellement évitables. Parallèlement, la prévalence de l'HTAP augmente au fur et à mesure que la survie s'améliore grâce à la disponibilité de thérapies efficaces. Par conséquent, on rencontre de plus en plus de patients souffrant d'HTAP dans de nombreux champs de la pratique médicale. De plus, les soins aux patients souffrant d'HTAP se complexifient, alors que les décisions de traitement se fondent désormais sur l’évaluation des risques selon des paramètres multiples pour déterminer à quel moment déployer un éventail grandissant de médicaments ciblant différentes voies, souvent en combinaison.

Cette revue offre une vue d'ensemble de l'histoire, de la pathobiologie et de l’épidémiologie moderne de l'HTAP et des données probantes qui concernent les médicaments ciblant l'hypertension pulmonaire, en plus de faire le point sur le diagnostic et la gestion de l'HTAP au Canada.

Disclosures

AK has served on advisory boards for Actelion and Bayer, and has been a site investigator for multicentered clinical trials sponsored by Actelion. SM has served on advisory boards and served as a consultant for Actelion and Bayer, served on a Speakers' Bureau for Actelion, Astra–Zeneca, and Bayer, and has been a site investigator for multicentered clinical trials sponsored by Actelion, Bellerophon, Eiger, Gilead, Reata, and United Therapeutics.

Funding

No funding sources were required.

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