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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 7, 2023 - Issue 3
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Original Research

The Role of Canadian respiratory therapists in adult critical care (ICURT-CAN): A scoping review

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Pages 158-170 | Received 23 Mar 2023, Accepted 07 Jun 2023, Published online: 24 Jul 2023
 

Abstract

RATIONALE

Respiratory therapists (RTs) are part of the critical care team, dedicated to providing specialized respiratory care. However, their role, regional practice variations and inclusion in the multidisciplinary team are not well described in the literature.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this review was to describe: 1) the role and impact of RTs; 2) the recommendations for RT inclusion; and 3) regional differences in RT practices in adult critical care across Canada.

METHODS AND MEASUREMENT

A scoping review was performed. Eligible studies described the Canadian RT role in adult critical care. Data extraction was informed by the Respiratory Therapy Practice-Based Outcome Initiative Model (RT-PBOI), a conceptual model that outlines 5 domains of how RTs can contribute to patient care and resource utilization.

MAIN RESULTS

RTs’ roles across 22 studies were categorized into domains of the RT-PBOI model: Technical skills (n = 20), Approach to practice (n = 20), Leveraging capacity (n = 15), Strategic expertise (n = 16) and Growing value for the future (n = 17). The grey literature (n = 26) provided brief descriptions of the RT role across multiple practice settings, but common RT tasks in critical care were mechanical ventilation management and participation in specialized care teams. One grey literature report recommended RTs to participate as critical response team members and two studies briefly mentioned regional differences in RT roles.

CONCLUSION

There were minimal studies to report on the impact of RTs in Canadian, adult critical care. Future studies are needed to evaluate the RT role and their value in improving patient care and resource utilization.

RÉSUMÉ

JUSTIFICATION

Les inhalothérapeutes font partie de l'équipe de soins intensifs qui se consacre à la prestation de soins respiratoires spécialisés. Cependant, leur rôle, les variations dans les pratiques régionales et leur inclusion dans l'équipe multidisciplinaire ne sont pas bien décrits dans la littérature.

OBJECTIFS

Le but de cette revue était de décrire : 1) le rôle et l'impact des inhalothérapeutes; 2) les recommandations pour l'inclusion des inhalothérpaeutes; et 3) les différences régionales dans les pratiques d'inhalothérapie en soins intensifs pour adultes à travers le Canada.

MÉTHODES ET MESURE

Un examen de la portée a été effectué. Les études admissibles décrivaient le rôle de l'inhalothérapie canadienne dans les soins intensifs aux adultes. L'extraction des données a été guidée par le RT-PBOI (Respiratory Therapy Practice-Based Outcome Initiative Model), un modèle conceptuel qui décrit les cinq domaines dans lesquels les inhalothérapeutes peuvent contribuer aux soins aux patients et à l'utilisation des ressources.

PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS

Les rôles des inhalothérapeutes dans 22 études ont été classés en fonction des domaines du modèle RT-PBOI : compétences techniques (n = 20), approche de la pratique (n = 20), capacité d'effet de levier (n = 15), expertise stratégique (n = 16) et création de valeur pour l'avenir (n = 17). De brèves descriptions du rôle de l'inhalothérapie dans plusieurs milieux de pratique étaient fournies dans la littérature grise (n = 26) , mais les tâches courantes de l'inhalothérapie en soins intensifs étaient la gestion de la ventilation mécanique et la participation à des équipes de soins spécialisés. Un rapport de la littérature grise recommandait que les inhalothérapeutes participent en tant que membres de l'équipe d'intervention critique et deux études ont brièvement mentionné les différences régionales dans les rôles des inhalothérapeutes.

CONCLUSION

Peu d’études ont été menées sur l'impact des inhalothérapeutes dans les soins intensifs pour adultes au Canada. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour évaluer le rôle de l'inhalothérapie et sa valeur dans l'amélioration des soins aux patients et l'utilisation des ressources.

Acknowledgments

This research work was completed as part of S. Quach’s doctoral degree requirements at the School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University. We would like to thank Julia Sartoretto for assistance in the grey literature search and Sadaf Ullah, Health Sciences librarian at McMaster University for their assistance with the search strategy development and finalization.

Author contributions

S. Quach performed the literature search, data extraction, data summarization, drafted the initial manuscript, reviewed, revised and finalized the manuscript. M. Zaccagnini performed data extraction, reviewed, revised and finalized the manuscript. T.L. Packham reviewed, revised and finalized the manuscript. R. Goldstein reviewed, revised and finalized the manuscript. D. Brooks was involved in all stages of this review, including the literature search, data summarization, reviewed, revised and finalized the manuscript. All authors approved of the final manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure statement

S. Quach is an executive member of the Canadian Respiratory Health Professionals’ Leadership Council. DB is an Associate Editor for the Canadian Journal for Respiratory, Critical care and Sleep Medicine. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethics approval

There were no human participants in this study; ethics approval was not applicable.

Additional information

Funding

S. Quach received financial support from the Canadian Lung Association (Allied Health Fellowship) and Canadian Respiratory Research Network (Studentship) for this research work. D. Brooks holds a National Sanatorium Association (NSA) Chair in Respiratory/Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research. M. Zaccagnini acknowledges funding from Fonds de Recherche du Québec- Santé (FRQ-S).

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