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ABSTRACT
Single photon emitters (SPEs) are extensively utilized in quantum technologies, single photon emission computed tomography, and quantum key distribution. The present, efficient robust materials used as SPEs would be insufficient. Some photoresist polymers are employed in secondary applications of single photon emission for enhancing optical properties such as transmittance and life span. Polymers becomes conductive by doping and they demonstrate a wide range of optoelectronic applications. Although conductive polymers are now primarily employed in secondary applications of single photon emission, they could directly emit a single photon in the future in consideration of their promising structural and optical properties.
Graphical abstract
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. C. P. Ramanarayanan, Vice Chancellor, DIAT (DU), Pune and Dr. Vikrant Gaikwad, Head of Department, Dr. Anagha Khare, Professor, School of Polymer Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT-World Peace University, Pune and Dr. Sunil Kumar Rajulapati, Head of the Department, MME, NIT Andhra Pradesh for their continuous encouragement and support. The first author wishes to extend their special thanks to Dr. Amrita Nighojkar, Miss Niranjana J P, Mr. Jigar Patadiya, Miss Alsha Subash, and Miss Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy for their unwavering and continuous technical support throughout the review writing.
Abbreviation
| SPEs | = | Single photon emitters |
| SPSs | = | Single photon sources |
| QKD | = | Quantum key distribution |
| SQD | = | Semiconductor quantum dots |
| QDs | = | Quantum dots |
| SPECT | = | Single photon emission computed tomography |
| 2D | = | Two dimensional |
| TMDs | = | Transition-metal dichalcogenides |
| Hbn | = | Hexagonal boron nitride |
| WSe2 | = | Tungsten diselenide |
| PMMA | = | polymethyl methacrylate |
| PEDOT: PSS | = | poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) – poly (styrene sulfonate) |
| PS | = | Polystyrene |
| PC | = | Polycarbonate |
| PA | = | Polyacetylene |
| PTh | = | Polyphenylenevinylene, Polythiophene |
| PANI | = | Polyaniline |
| PPP | = | Polyphenylene, Polyparaphenylene (PPP) |
| PPy | = | Polypyrrole |
| LOPA-DLW | = | Low one-photon absorption direct laser writing |
| HQDs | = | Hybrid quantum dots |
| AFM | = | Atomic force microscope |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Abubakar Shaikh
Mr. Abubakar Nizamuddin Shaikh is a graduate student with a degree in Bachelor of Technology in Polymer Engineering from Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India. His major research interests include polymer processing, composting of biodegradable plastics, polymeric materials for single photon emission, and bioabsorbable materials for the development of biomedical implants. His bachelor’s degree project work was based on the study of surface modification of aramid fiber, emission of a single photon through polymeric materials, and the study of bubble formation in Polycarbonate closures.
Ganta Mohith Yadav
Mr. Ganta Mohith Yadav is a graduating student who is pursuing a degree in Bachelor of Technology in Metallurgical and materials engineering from the National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, India. His major interests involve the utilization of 2D nanomaterials for energy storage applications, biomaterials for hip joint replacement, polymers for optoelectronic applications, and investigation of corrosion prevention. In addition to this, his bachelor’s degree major project focuses on the characterization of high entropy alloys in different conditions. He is also interested in failure analysis, the mechanical behavior of materials, and computational studies for the determination of material properties.
Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
Prof. Balasubramanian K is a Professor, Dean (Academics), and Head-Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, India, and has been highly acclaimed for his contribution to polymer processing and fabrication for various applications like smart textiles, superhydrophobic coatings, waste-water treatments and polymer nanocomposites. Prior to the Ministry of Defence, India, he worked as a Research Manager (Technology), at the UK Materials Research Institute for 10 years and transferred about 8 technologies to MEs and SMEs after his PhD in Polymer Technology from IPTME, Loughborough University, UK.