4. Alignment with concurrent policy agendas promoting liveability

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Notes

¹ Southworth M (2003) Measuring the liveable city. Built Environment, 29(4): 343–354. doi:10.2148/benv.29.4.343.54293.

² Kenworthy JR and Laube FB (1999) Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: An international overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications for urban policy. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33: 691–723. doi:10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00006-3.

³ See https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries/.

⁴ See https://www.brake.org.uk/get-involved/take-action/mybrake/knowledge-centre/uk-road-safety/.

⁵ See https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-highway-code-8-changes-you-need-to-know-from-29-january-2022/.

⁶ McKinsey (2016) Automotive Revolution—Perspective Towards 2030. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/disruptive%20trends%20that%20will%20transform%20the%20auto%20industry/auto%202030%20report%20jan%202016.pdf; Arbib J and Seba T (2017) Rethinking Transportation 2020–2030: Disruption of Transportation and the Collapse of the Internal-Combustion Vehicle & Oil Industries. RethinkX. https://tonyseba.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RethinkingTransportation_May_FINAL-LRR.pdf

⁷ Mueller AS, Cicchino JB and Zuby DS (2020) What Humanlike Errors Do Autonomous Vehicles Need to Avoid to Maximize Safety? Arlington, VA: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

⁸ Seraj M and Qiu TZ (2021) Multilane microscopic modeling to measure mobility and safety consequences of mixed traffic in freeway weaving sections. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2021: art. 6639649. doi:10.1155/2021/6639649.

⁹ Noy IY, Shinar D and Horrey WJ (2018) Automated driving: Safety blind spots. Safety Science, 102: 68–78. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.07.018.

¹⁰ Hulse LM, Xie H and Galea ER (2018) Perceptions of autonomous vehicles: Relationships with road users, risk, gender and age. Safety Science, 102: 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2017.10.001.

¹¹ Millard-Ball A (2018) Pedestrians, autonomous vehicles, and cities. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1): 6–12. doi: 10.1177/0739456X16675674.

¹² Choi JK and Ji YG (2015) Investigating the importance of trust on adopting an autonomous vehicle. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 31: 692–702. Doi: 10.1080/10447318.2015.1070549.

¹³ Razmi Rad S, Farah H, Taale H, van Arem B and Hoogendoorn SP (2020) Design and operation of dedicated lanes for connected and automated vehicles on motorways: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 117: art. 102664. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2020.102664.

¹⁴ Millard-Ball (2018), see Reference 11.

¹⁵ Hull A and O’Holleran C (2014) Bicycle infrastructure: Can good design encourage cycling? Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 2: 369–406. doi: 10.1080/21650020.2014.955210.

¹⁶ Blau M, Akar G and Nasar J (2018) Driverless vehicles’ potential influence on bicyclist facility preferences. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 12: 665–674. doi:10.1080/15568318.2018.1425781.

¹⁷ Hamilton-Baillie B and Jones P (2005) Improving traffic behaviour and safety through urban design. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Civil Engineering, 158(5): 39–47. doi:10.1680/cien.2005.158.5.39.

¹⁸ Faber K and van Lierop D (2020) How will older adults use automated vehicles? Assessing the role of AVs in overcoming perceived mobility barriers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 133: 353–363. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.01.022.

¹⁹ Li S, Blythe P, Zhang Y, Edwards S, Xing J, Guo W, Ji Y, Goodman P and Namdeo A (2021) Should older people be considered a homogeneous group when interacting with Level 3 automated vehicles? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 78: 446–465. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.03.004.

²⁰ Claypool H, Bin-Nun A and Gerlach J (2017) Self-Driving Cars: The Impact on People with Disabilities. Boston, MA: Ruderman Family Foundation.

²¹ Crisp R, Ferrari E, Gore T, Green S, McCarthy, Rae A, Reeve K and Stevens M (2018) Tackling Transport-Related Barriers to Employment in Low-Income Neighbourhoods. York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

²² Bissell D, Birtchnell T, Elliott A and Hsu EL (2020) Autonomous automobilities: The social impacts of driverless vehicles. Current Sociology, 68(1): 116–134, at 123. doi:10.1177/0011392118816743.

²³ Duarte F and Ratti C (2018) The Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Cities: A Review. Journal of Urban Technology, 25: 3–18, at 10. doi:10.1080/10630732.2018.1493883.

²⁴ See https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2021/11/06/bidens-12-trillion-infrastructure-bill-hastens-beacon-wearing-for-bicyclists-and-pedestrians-to-enable-detection-by-connected-cars/?sh=4480a36a5a3d/.

²⁵ Reid C (2021, November 6) Biden’s $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill hastens beacons for bicyclists and pedestrians enabling detection by connected cars. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2021/11/06/bidens-12-trillion-infrastructure-bill-hastens-beacon-wearing-for-bicyclists-and-pedestrians-to-enable-detection-by-connected-cars/?sh=57c535115a3d

²⁶ Berge SH, Hagenzieker M, Farah H and de Winter J (2022) Do cyclists need HMIs in future automated traffic? An interview study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 84: 33–52. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.11.013.

²⁷ Taeihagh A and Lim HSM (2019) Governing autonomous vehicles: Emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks. Transport Reviews, 39: 103–128. doi:10.1080/01441647.2018.1494640.

²⁸ Beede DN, Powers R and Ingram C (2017) The employment impact of autonomous vehicles. SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3022818, Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3022818.

²⁹ Bissell et al. (2020), see Reference 22.

³⁰ Khondaker B and Kattan L (2015) Variable speed limit: A microscopic analysis in a connected vehicle environment. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 58: 146–159. doi:10.1016/j.trc.2015.07.014.

³¹ Milakis D, van Arem B and van Wee B (2017) Policy and society related implications of automated driving: A review of literature and directions for future research. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 21(4): 324–348. doi:10.1080/15472450.2017.1291351.

³² Shaheen S and Bouzaghrane MA (2019) Mobility and energy impacts of shared automated vehicles: A review of recent literature. Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports, 6: 193–200. doi:10.1007/s40518-019-00135-2.

³³ Fagnant DJ and Kockelman K (2015) Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: Opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 77: 167–181. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.003.

³⁴ Mueller N, Rojas-Rueda D, Cole-Hunter T, de Nazelle A, Dons E, Gerike R, Götschi T, Int Panis L, Kahlmeier S and Nieuwenhuijsen M (2015) Health impact assessment of active transportation: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 76: 103–114. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.010.

³⁵ Soteropoulos A, Berger M and Ciari F (2019) Impacts of automated vehicles on travel behaviour and land use: An international review of modelling studies. Transport Reviews, 39: 29–49. doi:10.1080/01441647.2018.1523253.