Experiences of parents of trans young people accessing Australian health services for their child: Findings from Trans Pathways

Abstract

Background

Many trans young people seek mental health support and gender-affirming medical interventions including puberty suppression, gender-affirming hormones and/or surgeries. Trans young people and their parents face multiple barriers in accessing gender-affirming care and mental health support, however little is known about the parent perspective on accessing services for their trans child.

Aims

This study aimed to understand the experiences of parents accessing medical and mental health services with and for their trans children within Australia.

Methods

Using data from Trans Pathways, a large mixed-methods cross-sectional study, we examined the experiences of parents (N = 194) in Australia accessing primary care, psychiatry, therapy/counseling, mental health inpatient, and gender-affirming medical services with/for their trans children (aged 25 years or younger). Qualitative data on service experiences were thematically analyzed. Quantitative analyses included frequency of access to services, wait times, service satisfaction, and mental health diagnoses of the parents’ trans child.

Results

Services were mostly first accessed when the young person was between 12 and 17 years of age, with primary care physicians being the most accessed service. Parents reported that some practitioners were respectful and knowledgeable about gender-affirming care, and others lacked experience in trans health. Across all services, common barriers included long wait times, complicated pathways to navigate to access support, as well as systemic barriers such as sparsity of gender speciality services. Across services, parents reported feeling as though they do not have the necessary tools to best support their child in their gender affirmation.

Discussion

This study highlights the crucial need for systemic changes in the processes of accessing gender-affirming care and mental health support to enable access to appropriate and timely care. These findings also indicate the importance of improving individual practitioner knowledge around trans health, to enhance the support provided to trans young people and their parents.

Keywords:

• Trans
• gender-affirming care
• service access
• transition

Acknowledgments

At the time the Trans Pathways original data was collected Vanessa Watson was affiliated with Youth Mental Health, North Metropolitan Health Service, Western Australia Department of Health, Perth, Australia.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Notes

1 Stage 1 and 2 transition refer to outdated terminology about the use of pubertal blockers (stage 1) and gender-affirming hormones (stage 2).

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.