A critical analysis of Canada's ‘Active Living’: Science or politics?

Abstract

The shift from a prescriptive exercise model to Canada's ‘Active Living’ is explored. The purported advantage of Active Living is that it takes a broader and more inclusive approach toward increasing physical activity levels. Active Living is situated within a broader social, political, economic and historical context. Two conceptual frameworks are used to illustrate the ways in which it is socially constructed and contested (i.e. problematization of physical activity/sport, and political economy of Active Living). It is argued that Active Living represents a government-driven attempt to redefine physical fitness, in order to resolve a set of social issues related to physical activity. In particular, Active Living was created as a state solution to the ‘problem’ of physical inactivity, a deconstruction of conspicuous consumption and hedonism, and a reconstruction of a more inclusive and uniquely Canadian cultural identity. Emphasis was directed at challenging and revealing hidden political agendas and scientific research mandates. The following arguments are made: (1) exercise science research endorsing the health benefits of moderate-intensity exercise functions to camouflage the underlying politics of Active Living and (2) Active Living provides a powerful justification for the rapid retreat of the welfare state. In linking the social construction of Active Living at the micro-level to fitness and public health policy at the macro-level, a critical analysis of the science and politics underlying Active Living is provided.