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Abstract
The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia is unusual among communist successor parties in having maintained a clear communist identity after 1989. This can be explained by reference to the concept of 'subcultural party', catering for a particular segment of the population. This particular identity emerged as a result of a protracted internal struggle, in addition to the obvious need to address the electorate and win votes. Moreover, close examination of the party's programmes and its leaders' utterances indicates that it is more than simply a traditional communist party inspired by revenge for the collapse of the old system or by nostalgia for the past, but in fact contains innovative and democratic elements that have been hitherto overlooked by observers. It is well placed to take advantage of the new political circumstances, a feature that challenges its new identity as a subcultural party.