Impact of Biological Contamination of Rice on Food Safety

ABSTRACT

Contaminants in rice compromise the economy and food security. Fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses are biological contaminants that have been found in rice. This manuscript reviews the available information about the type and frequency of biological contaminants in rice produced around the world and their impact on the production chain. The survey reports have shown that toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins before and post-harvest, milling and storage of rice and its products are the main focus of the previous studies. However, the frequency of other microbial contamination in rice needs also to be considered to mitigate the risk on food safety by increasing the crop quality with innovative solutions.

KEYWORDS:

• bacteria
• crop
• fungi
• nematodes
• virus

Acknowledgments

The authorsthankto Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, FinanceCode 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) for the financial support.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have not conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all participants of this study.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

The authors report that this article has no studies involving human participants and animal.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq]; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [CAPES, code 001] and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul [FAPERGS].