Symptom Control in End-of-Life Care

Abstract

This feature is based on actual questions and answers adapted from a service provided by the Hospice Foundation of America. Queries addressing the propriety of managing acute medical conditions in patients enrolled in a terminal care program and the mistaken belief that death from cancer is always painful are provided. Questions included in this set address management of acute medical conditions during end-of-life care, the lack of inevitability of pain with cancer, nutrition in advanced disease, managing panic attacks, and appropriate care for a dying 90 year old gentleman.

Key Words:

• Palliative care
• acute illness
• pneumonia
• cardiac disease
• cancer
• pain
• death
• end-of-life
• hospice
• panic attack
• hospice admission criteria
• aggressive care

Additional information

Notes on contributors

William M. Lamers

Cherokee Layson-Wolf, PharmD, is Assistant Professor at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy. At the time that this review was conducted, she was a Community Care Pharmacy Practice Resident at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Perry G. Fine, MD, is Professor of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Associate Medical Director, Pain Management Center at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City; and National Medical Director, VistaCare, based in Scottsdale, AZ. This commentary is based on an article in Dr. Fine's VistaCare Palliative Medicine Monitor.

Jonathan R. Gavrin, MD, is the Internet editor for the Journal. He is Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington School of Medicine; Associate Member, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and Associate Director for Clinical Anesthesia Services, Harborview Medical Center.

Philip J. Wiffen, is the Regional Pharmaceutical and Prescribing Adviser, Anglia & Oxford Region of the National Health Service Executive, a member of the Oxford Regional Pain Relief Unit and Coordinating Editor of the Cochrane Collaboration Pain Palliative and Supportive Care Collaborative Review Group.

Philip J. Wiffen, BPharm, MRPharmS, MFPHM (Hon) is Regional Pharmaceutical and Prescribing Adviser, Anglia & Oxford Region of the National Health Service Executive, a member of the Pain Relief Unit, Churchill Hospital, and Coordinating Editor, Cochrane Collaboration Pain Palliative and Supportive Care Collaborative Review Group.

Howard A. Heit, practices pain medicine and addiction medicine in Fairfax, Virginia, and is Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Dr. Heit was a member of the Liaison Committee on Pain and Addiction.

Perry G. Fine, is Professor of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Associate Medical Director, Pain Management Center at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City; and National Medical Director, VistaCare, based in Scottsdale, AZ. This commentary is based on an article in Dr. Fine's VistaCare Palliative Medicine Monitor.

Philip J. Wiffen, is Regional Pharmaceutical and Prescribing Adviser, Anglia & Oxford Region of the National Health Service, a member of the Pain Relief Unit at Churchill Hospital and Coordinating Editor of the Cochrane Collaboration Pain Palliative and Supportive Care Collaborative Review Group.

Last Acts is a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded campaign to improve end-of-life care by a coalition of professional and consumer organizations. This coalition works to improve palliative care, focused on managing pain and making life better for individuals and families facing death. Last Acts envisions a world in which dying people and their loved ones receive excellent care and are honored and supported by their community.

S. R. Ghooi, MBBS, is a Medical Consultant in New Delhi.

Gustavo G. De Simone is Medical Oncologist (with Diploma in Palliative Medicine) and Pallium Latinoamérica Association Medical Director and Chief, Section on Palliative Care, Hospital Bonorino Udaondo, Bonpland 2287 (1425) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina ( [email protected].

The Reverend John S. Lunn, RN, MDiv, is Palliative Care and Hospice Consultant, Global Ministries for the Disciples of Christ and United Church of Christ, and former President, Board of Directors, Kauai Hospice, Hawaii.

Jan Stjernswärd, MD, PhD, FRCP (Edin), is Former Chief, Cancer and Palliative Care, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, and International Director of the Oxford University International Centre for Palliative Care and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Palliative Care, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. He also serves on the Steering Committee of the Diana Palliative Care Initiative, Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund in the UK, as a Consultant to the Open Society Institute in New York, and continues to serve as a World Health Organization advisor.

Barbara L. Kass-Bartelmes, MPH, CHES, and Ronda Hughes, PhD, wrote this report for the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) of the U.S. Public Health Service.

Robert J. Adams, PharmD, was at the time of this study Primary Care Resident, Pharmacy Service, Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ.

Stephen P. Lordon, MD, was at the time of this study, Attending Physician in the Pain Management Center, University Hospitals and Clinics, and Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine;

Arthur G. Lipman, PharmD, is Professor of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Adjunct Professor of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Director of Clinical Pharmacology, Pain Management Center, University Hospitals and Clinics; University of Utah Health Sciences Center.

Christopher Stock, PharmD, is Clinical Pharmacist, Substance Abuse Treatment Programs Pharmacist at the George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, and Clinical Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah

Perry G. Fine, MD, is Professor of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, and Attending Physician at the Pain Management Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT; and Senior Medical Advisor, VistaCare, based in Scottsdale, AZ.

Phillip J. Wiffen, BPharm, MRPharmS, MFPHM(Hon), is Director of Training for the U.K. Cochrane Center, a member of the Oxford Regional Pain Relief Unit at Churchill Hospital, and Coordinating Editor of the Cochrane Collaboration Pain Palliative and Supportive Care Collaborative Review Group.

William J. Rusho, MS, RPh, is Professor (Clinical) of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy and a former member of the FDA Advisory Committee on Pharmacy Compounding. He was clinical coordinator of sterile product compounding at the University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics for 32 years.

Jonathan R. Garvin, MD, is Director of Symptom Management and Palliative Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Philip J. Wiffen, BPharm, MSc, MRPharmS, MFPHM (Hon), is a member of the Oxford Regional Pain Relief Unit, Churchill Hospital, Coordinating Editor, Cochrane Collaboration Pain Palliative and Supportive Care Collaborative Review Group, and Director of Training, U.K. Cochrane Center.

Dr. Fishman has developed this feature based on columns he has developed in collaboration with the American Pain Foundation Pain Monitor and Discovery Health. Dr. Fishman retains copyright for this material and has granted permission to the Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy to publish it.

Mark R. Collen is a self-taught artist and the creator of PAIN Exhibit and the on-line pain art exhibit PainExhibit.com. As a result of an injury and failed back surgery in 1995, Mr. Collen was left with neuropathic pain. He started the PAIN Exhibit in 2001 as a response to years of undertreatment that he endured.

Mr. Collen has created art pieces about his pain and concluded that art is far more effective at communicating the pain experience than are words. His desire to help end undertreatment of pain, coupled with his understanding of the power of art to educate were the seminal factors in the birth of the PAIN Exhibit and PainExhibit.com.

William M. Lamers, Jr., MD, is Medical Consultant to the Hospice Foundation of America. He has over thirty years of experience as a hospice medical director and consultant.