Multiresidue Screening Methods for the Determination of Pesticides in Tomatoes

Abstract

The possibility of applying thin layer chromatography (TLC) detection for the analysis of pesticide residues in tomatoes was investigated. Samples of tomatoes that have never been treated with pesticide were fortified with atrazine, carbaryl, carbofuran, chloroxuron, diuron, dimethoate, imazalil, oxamyl and methamidophos. The samples were extracted, cleaned‐up by gel permeation chromatography and then applied on silica gel plates. The pesticides were eluted with ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. Two eluting solvent systems were tested, one using the reagents o‐ toluidine + potassium iodite (o‐TKI) and the other p‐ nitrobenzene fluoroborate (NBFB). After the development of the plates, the diameter of the spots was measured. The lowest minimum detection quantity (MDQ) for o‐TKI system for atrazine was 12 ng. The highest was 125 ng for carbofuran. Using NBFB system, the lowest MDQ was 60 ng for carbaryl and the highest was 70 ng obtained for carbofuran. Considering the concentration of these pesticides in the spiked tomato samples, the minimum concentration was 1.1 ng/µL and 32.3 ng/µL for atrazine and carbofuran, respectively, by using o‐TKI system. For NBFB system the minimum concentration reached was 3.5 ng/µL and 4.3 ng/µL for carbaryl and carbofuran, respectively. This study showed that TLC can be used for semi‐quantitative analysis.

Keywords:

• Pesticides
• Tomatoes
• p‐Nitrobenzene‐ Fluoroborate
• o‐Toluidine
• Thin layer chromatography

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for financial support from the Brazilian agencies FAPESP and CNPq and the International Atomic Energy Agency ‐ IAEA, project IAEA‐BRA/6398.