Determination of Trace Elements in Syrian Bentonite Clay Using X-Ray Fluorescence Technique and Discussion on the Health Implication on Pregnant Women

Abstract

Radioisotope X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been applied for multi-elemental analysis of bentonite clay in Syria (Aleppo belouneh). Samples were taken at different times directly from different stores at the market, and then irradiated, after preparation, with a ¹⁰⁹Cd isotope source. The following elements: Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and Pb were determined. The health implications of some elements are discussed, since some pregnant women in Syria consume the substance in the first semester of pregnancy, during the morning sickness (craving). Some elements seem to pose health hazard such as Pb and Fe, which are present in the range of (DL > to about 23.1 µg/g) and (4.06 to 5.2%) respectively.

Keywords:

• X-ray
• Clay
• Trace elements
• Women
• Health

Acknowledgment

The authors express their gratitude to Professor G. Zayzafoun, Head of the Chemistry Department, for many valuable suggestions and helpful discussions.