Terumi Nakajima, Hideo Naoki, Gerardo Corzo, Dai Li, Miki Hisada, Pierre Escoubas, Nahoko Yamaji, Hiroshi Nagai, Marta Andrianstiferana, Joachim Haupt, and Naomasa Ohshiro—A Trial of Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Novel Animal Toxins in Femto‐Molar Amounts from Subtropical Islands. J. Toxicol. – Toxin Rev. 22(4), 509–520, 2003:
Page 509: In the title delete “from subtropical islands”
Page 510, line 18 of the Abstract: “the Madagascan spider” should read “the Madagascan tetragnathid spider.”
Page 510, line 20 of the Abstract: “the rare wondering spider Macrothele gigas” should read “the mygalomorph hexathelid spider Macrothele gigas.”
Page 512, line 25: “It is reported that the venom of these spiders is lethal.” should read “It is reported that the venom of these spiders is very harmful.”
Page 512, line 30: “patterns on the abdomen” should read “patterns in the opisthosoma”
Page 512, line 34: “Latrodectus hassertii” should read “Latrodectus hasseltii”
Page 512, line 36: “Latrodectus geometrics” should read “Latrodectus geometricus”
Page 512, line 38: “kinds of terantura” should read “kinds of theraphosid”
Page 513, line 5: “constituents of other wondering spider” should read “constituents of a hexathelid spider”
Page 516, line 5: “wondering spider Macrothele gigas” should read “hexathelid spider Macrothele gigas”
Page 516, line 5: “wondering spider Macrothele gigas” should read “hexathelid spider Macrothele gigas”
Page 516, line 16: “Chiropsalmus quadrigatus is” should read “Chiropsalmus quadrigatus (Cubozoa) is”
Page 516, line 26: “the nematocyst of” should read “the nematocysts of”
Page 518, line 19: “in the saliva of wondering spider, Macrothele gigas” should read “components of the hexathelid spider, Macrothele gigas”
Haruo Kobayashi, Michiru Uchida, Itaru Sato, Tadahiko Suzuki, Muhammad M. Hossain and Koichi Suzuki. Neurotoxicity and Brain Regional Distribution of Manganese in Mice. J. Toxicol. – Toxin Rev. 22(4), 679–689, 2003:
Page 683, following line 12, the following material should be added:
C. Effect of in vitro Manganese Chloride on [3H]haloperidol Binding
In order to better understand the direct effects of manganese chloride on [3H]haloperidol binding in vivo, an additional experiment was conducted with direct in vitro exposure of the striatal membrane preparation to manganese chloride. The binding procedures were the same as after in vivo exposure except for the concentration of [3H]haloperidol and preincubation with various concentrations of manganese chloride. The concentrations of [3H]haloperidol were 0.208, 0.416, 0.833, and 1.041 nM [3H]haloperidol. Striatal membrane preparations from untreated mice were preincubated with 10− 6,3 × 10− 6, 10− 5, 3 × 10− 5, and 10− 4 M of manganese chloride for 2 hrs at 0°C.
Page 685, following line 12 of section C. “D2‐Dopaminergic Receptors,” the following material should be added:
Since MnCl2 did not induce catalepsy after injection of 30 mg/kg, it may need other factor(s) as well as reduction of D2 dopaminergetic receptors to produce catelepsy.
Since manganese chloride injections in vivo reduced the binding ability of [3H]haloperidol to the regional membrane preparations, as an in vitro experiment was conducted to determine what direct effects manganese might have on D2 dopaminergic receptors. The data were analyzed by Scatchard plots (Scatchard, 1949) () and an analysis of the dose–response relationship (). The Bmax values were 3.68, 3.78, 3.64, 3.90, 3.78, and 3.80 fmol/mg protein in the presence of manganese chloride at 0, 10− 6, 3 × 10− 6, 10− 5, 3 × 10− 5, and 10− 5 M, respectively. The values of Bmax were almost the same in the absence and in the presence of manganese chloride at all concentrations used (). As shown in and , the higher concentrations of manganese chloride showed a slight inhibition of binding in the presence of low concentrations of haloperidol. The Kd values were 5.21, 5.68, 5.26, 6.37, 6.54, and 7.58 × 10− 10 M haloperidol at 0, 10− 6, 3 × 10− 6, 10− 5, 3 × 10− 5, and 10− 5 M manganese chloride, respectively. The values of Kd increased at high concentrations of manganese chloride. Therefore, manganese chloride decreased the affinity. Since manganese chloride inhibited binding without changing Bmax but with a modified Kd, the effect is competitive‐like although it is not potent.
Figure 4. Effect of manganese chloride on [3H]haloperidol binding to striatal membrane preparation in vitro. A. Scratchad analysis. The values of Bmax represent the points of intersection on the horizontal axis. The value of Kd expresses the binding affinity that is calculated by an equation, Kd = Bmax/(B/F). B. Dose‐response curve. Effect of manganese chloride on [3H]haloperidol binding were determined in the presence of 10.4, 8.33, 4.16, and 2.1 × 10− 10 M haloperidol.
![Figure 4. Effect of manganese chloride on [3H]haloperidol binding to striatal membrane preparation in vitro. A. Scratchad analysis. The values of Bmax represent the points of intersection on the horizontal axis. The value of Kd expresses the binding affinity that is calculated by an equation, Kd = Bmax/(B/F). B. Dose‐response curve. Effect of manganese chloride on [3H]haloperidol binding were determined in the presence of 10.4, 8.33, 4.16, and 2.1 × 10− 10 M haloperidol.](/cms/asset/875dbffd-e7b5-4fd2-977c-aac0f2cc406a/itxr19_a_38428_uf0001_b.gif)
Page 685, three lines from the bottom, and page 686, four lines from the bottom: “” should read “Fig. 5.”
Page 686, line 5, and page 687, line 1: “Fig. 5” should read “Fig. 6.”
Page 687, following line 18, the following material should be added:
Acknowledgement
We wish to thank Dr. D. E. Moss from the Department of Psychology University of Texas at El Paso and Dr. T. Higa from Colleege of Science, University of Ryukyus for their critical reading of the manuscript.
Shivaji P. Gawade, Snake venom neurotoxins: Pharmacological Classification, J. Toxicol. – Toxin Rev. 23(1), 37–96, 2004:
Page 41, line 8: “(Taylor, 2001a)” should read as “(Brejc et al., 2003).”
Page 41, line 11: “(Brejc et al., 2003)” should read as “(Israel and Morel, 1990).”
Page 42, line 3: “(Israel and Morel, 1990)” should read as “(Taylor, P. 2001a).”
Page 48, line 21: Incomplete reference “(Halpert et al.) should read as “(Halpert, 1979).” The complete reference is Halpert, J., Biochimie, 1979, 61 (5–6), 719–23.
Page 48, last line: “(Tu et al., 1976)” should read as “(Gawade, 1981).”
Page 49, line 8: “(Gawade, 1981)” should read as “(Tu, et al., 1976).”
Page 55, line 23: “(Wang et al., )” should read as “(Wang et al., 1992).”
Page 59, line 26: “(Gopalkrinshnakone et al.,)” should read as “(Gopalkrishnakone et al., 1984).”