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Original Articles

Investigation of Phenolic Acids Content and Antioxidant Activity in Malt Production

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Pages 81-88 | Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine, using a GC-MS method, the total phenolic acids content of different extracts during malt production and to assess the potential antioxidant activity of these extracts based on their ability to scavenge the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and reactive hydroxyl radical (OH) formed by the Fenton reaction (detected using electron spin resonance spectroscopy). A GC-MS method for determination of phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, gentistic, protocatechuic, syringic, p-coumaric, gallic, ferulic, caffeic, sinapic, chlorogenic, and ellagic) was developed. The procedure involved the extraction of phenolic acids from hydrolysate of barley, steeped barley, green malt, and malt with ethyl acetate, followed by derivatization of phenolic acids with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide plus trimethylchlorosilane reagent. The trimethylsilyl derivatives formed were separated and quantitated using GC-MS. Sample extracts were subjected to acid, α-amylase, and cellulase hydrolyses. For all investigated barley varieties, ferulic, p-coumaric, and vanillic acids were dominant in raw barley samples during malting and in the corresponding malts. The investigated extracts were more effective at scavenging 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide-OH (DMPO-OH) than DPPH. In both cases, antioxidant activity increased with increased concentration of the investigated extracts.

RESUMEN

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar, mediante un método de GC-MS, el contenido total de ácidos fenólicos de diferentes extractos de malta en la producción y para evaluar la posible actividad antioxidante de extractos en base a su capacidad para recoger el estable radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) y el reactivo radical hidroxilo (OH) formado por la reacción de Fenton (detectado mediante espectroscopía de resonancia de spin electrónico). Un método GC-MS para la determinación de ácidos fenólicos (p-hidroxibenzoico, vanillic, gentistic, protocatechuic, syringic, p-coumaric, gálico, ferulic, cafeico, sinapic, clorogénico, y elágico) fue desarrollado. El procedimiento de la extracción de ácidos fenólicos de hidrolizadas de la cebada, cargada de cebada, malta verde, y de malta con acetato de etilo, seguidos de derivatización de ácidos fenólicos con N,O-bis(trimetilsilil) trifluoroacetamide más reactivo de trimetilclorosilano. El trimetilsilil derivados formados se separaron y cuantificado mediante GC-MS. Extractos de la muestra fueron sometidos a ácido, α-amilasa y celulasa hidroliza. Para todas las variedades de cebada investigada, ferulic, p-coumaric, y vanillic ácidos eran dominantes en muestras de cebada cruda durante el malteado y en la correspondiente malta. Los extractos fueron investigados más eficaces en basureros 5,5-dimetil-1-pirrolina-N-óxido-OH (DMPO-OH) que DPPH. En ambos casos, el aumento de la actividad antioxidante con una mayor concentración de los extractos investigados.

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