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Original Articles

Production of Brewing Worts from Different Types of Sorghum Malts and Adjuncts Supplemented with β-Amylase or Amyloglucosidase

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Pages 49-56 | Published online: 05 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

Sorghum has been used in beer production despite its lower diastatic activity. However, it is viewed as an excellent choice for the production of gluten-free beers. In this research, worts produced with white or red sorghum malts and waxy or regular sorghum adjuncts, supplemented with β-amylase or amyloglucosidase, were evaluated using barley malt as control. Soaking and germination times to optimize sorghum diastatic activity were determined, and characterization of raw materials was assessed. Worts were obtained by a double-mashing procedure following combinations of malts, adjuncts, and extrinsic enzymes. Between sorghums, the red sorghum malt had the highest total amylolytic activity and yielded higher amounts of fermentable carbohydrates in worts compared with the white sorghum malt counterparts, especially when mashed with refined waxy sorghum adjuncts. Barley malt yielded up to 24% more wort adjusted to 12°P and similar free amino nitrogen and pH values compared with their counterparts produced with sorghum malts. As expected, the addition of β-amylase increased the amount of fermentable sugars in the sorghum malt worts. When amyloglucosidase was added, the total sugar content augmented 20%, the glucose content was five times higher compared with worts without exogenous enzymes, and treatments were comparable regardless of the malt type.

RESUMEN

Sorgo se ha utilizado en la producción de cerveza a pesar de su actividad diastática inferior. Sin embargo, se considera como una opción excelente para la producción de cervezas sin gluten. En esta investigación, mostos producidos con maltas de sorgo blanco o rojo, y adjuntos de sorgo cerosos o regulares, complementado con β-amilasa o la amiloglucosidasa, fueron evaluados con malta de cebada como control. Los tiempos de remojo y germinación para optimizar la actividad diastásica del sorgo se determinaron, y la caracterización de las materias primas se evaluó. Los mostos se obtuvieron por un procedimiento de doble maceración las siguientes combinaciones de maltas, adjuntos, y las enzimas extrínsecos. Entre los sorgos, la malta de sorgo rojo tuvo la mayor actividad amilolítica total y produjo una mayor cantidad de hidratos de carbono fermentables en mostos en comparación con sus homólogos de malta de sorgo blanco, especialmente cuando macerado con adjuntos refinados de sorgo ceroso. La cebada de malta entregó 24% más mosto ajustado a 12°Plato y similar nitrógeno amino libre y los valores de pH en comparación con sus homólogos producidos con maltas de sorgo. Como se esperaba, la adición de β-amilasa aumentó la cantidad de azúcares fermentables en los mostos de malta de sorgo. Cuando se añadió amiloglucosidasa, el contenido total de azúcar aumentó 20%, el contenido de glucosa fue 5 veces mayor en comparación con mostos sin enzimas exógenas y los tratamientos fueron comparables independientemente del tipo de malta.

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