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Original Articles

Fate of Insecticide and Fungicide Residues on Barley during Storage and Malting

El Sino de Insecticidas y Fungicidas Residuales en Cebada Durante Almacenaje y Malteado

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Pages 110-115 | Received 07 May 2001, Accepted 22 Jan 2002, Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

Agrochemical usage on barley cultivation was investigated to clarify possible chemical residues on malt. Organophosphorous insecticides and azole fungicides were found to be used extensively during the barley head growth stage, when higher residues on barley are of concern. Pesticide applications for barley were carried out in a barley field using some pesticides common in barley cultivation. Mepronil, propiconazole, triadimefon, triflumizole, ethiofencarb, phenthoate, and fenitrothion were used for applications. Their residues after storage and the fate of the residues during malting were determined. More than 80% of residues of phenthoate and fenitrothion (organophosphorous insecticides) remained after two months of storage. The loss of other pesticides was 28–85%, and metabolites of triadimefon and triflumizole increased slightly. The carryover of residues after steeping was 3–50%, and the losses of hydrophilic pesticides were significant. There was a small loss after germination and kilning. These findings suggested that residues of agrochemicals having log Pow values (partition coefficient between n-octanol and water) >2 would remain on malt. One of the critical control points for quality assurance in beer manufacture is therefore to check and control residues of agrochemicals with log Pow values between 2 and 4 used during the barley head-growth stage.

RESUMEN

El uso agroquímico en el cultivo de cebada fue investigado para aclarar la posibilidad de químicas residuales en malta. Se encontró que los insecticidas organofosforos y fungicidas azole son utilizados extensivamente durante la etapa de crecimiento de la cabeza de cebada, cuando hay preocupación altos residuales en la cebada. Se llevaron acabo aplicaciones de pesticidas en cebada en un campo de cebada utilizando algunos pesticidas comunes en el cultivo de cebada. Mepronil, propiconazole, triadimefon, triflumizole, ethiofencarb, phenthoate, y fenitrothion se utilizaron en las aplicaciones. Sus residuales después de almacenaje y el sino de los residuales durante malteado se determinaron. Mas del 80% de residuales de phenthoate y fenitrothion (insecticidas organofosforos) permanecieron después de dos meses de almacenaje. La perdida de otros pesticidas fue de 28–85%, y metabolitos de triadimefon y triflumizole aumentaron levemente. El sobretraslado de residuales después del remojo fue de 3–50%, y las perdidas de pesticidas hidrofilicos fueron significantes. Hubo una pequeña perdida después de germinación y secado. Estos resultados sugieren que los residuales de agroquímicas teniendo valores de log Pow (coeficiente de partición entre n-octanol y agua) > 2 permanecerán en la malta. Uno de los puntos críticos para el aseguramiento de calidad en manufacturar cerveza por lo tanto seria comprobar y controlar los residuales agroquímicos con valores log Pow entre 2 y 4 usados en la cebada durante la etapa de crecimiento de la cabeza.

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