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Original Articles

Enzymes Associated with Fusarium Infection of Barley

Enzimas Asociados con la Infección Fusariam de Cebada

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Pages 130-134 | Received 20 Sep 2001, Accepted 11 Mar 2002, Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

Infection of barley with species of Fusarium has been reported to decrease malt yield, wort β-glucan, and viscosity and to increase wort soluble nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, and color. These changes are suggestive of the presence of active fungal enzymes, and the objective of this research was to determine whether proteolytic or cell wall degrading enzymes were associated with Fusarium-infected barley. Barley was inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and F. poae in the greenhouse to reduce contamination with other microorganisms. Control samples were inoculated with distilled water only. Mature harvested grain was screened for the presence of endoproteinase, endoxylanase, and β-glucanase. Inoculated barley was found to contain considerable amounts of proteinase and β-glucanase, whereas only a trace of these activities were detected on the control samples. Malts prepared from these samples showed correspondingly elevated free amino nitrogen levels and reduced levels of wort β-glucans. Inoculated barley also displayed significant amounts of endoxylanase, wih no activity being detected in the controls. The results strongly suggest that fungi associated with the Fusarium head blight infection of barley contribute β-glucanase, xylanase, and proteinase activities to the grain. Further, the enzyme levels appear to be such that they may affect the quality of the malt and its consequent wort.

RESUMEN

Se ha reportado que la infección de cebada con especies de Fusarium disminuye el rendimiento de malta, b-glucanos de mosto, y viscosidad e incrementa el nitrógeno soluble en el mosto, nitrógeno amino libre, y color. Estos cambios sugieren la presencia de enzimas funguicidas activas, y el objetivo de esta investigación era determinarse si enzimas proteoliticas o degradantes de pared de célula estaban asociadas con cebada infectada por Fusarium. La cebada fue inoculada con Fusarium graminearum y F. Poae en un invernadero para reducir la contaminación con otros microorganismos. Las muestras de control fueron inoculadas únicamente con agua destilada. El grano cosechado maduro fue tamizado para la presencia de endoproteinasa, endoxylanasa, y b-glucanas. Sé encontró que la cebada inoculada contenía cantidades considerables de proteinasa y b-glucanos, mientras que solamente se encontraba un rastro de estas actividades en las muestras de control. Las maltas preparadas de estas muestras correspondientemente presentaron niveles elevados de nitrógeno amino libre y niveles reducidos de b-glucanos de mosto. La cebada inoculada también exhibió significantes cantidades de endoxylanasa, sin detección de actividad en los controles. Los resultados fuertemente sugieren que los hongos asociados con la infección de destrozo de la cabeza de Fusarium de cebada contribuyen a las actividades de b-glucanasa, xylanasa y proteinasa del grano. Además, los niveles de enzimas parecen ser tal que pueden afectar la calidad de malta y a su mosto consiguiente.

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